Thermochemistry
Thermochemistry can be considered as a branch of thermodynamics that deals with the connections between warmth, work, and various types of energy, formed because of different synthetic and actual cycles. Thermochemistry describes the energy changes that occur as a result of reactions or chemical changes in a substance.
Exergonic Reaction
The term exergonic is derived from the Greek word in which ‘ergon’ means work and exergonic means ‘work outside’. Exergonic reactions releases work energy. Exergonic reactions are different from exothermic reactions, the one that releases only heat energy during the course of the reaction. So, exothermic reaction is one type of exergonic reaction. Exergonic reaction releases work energy in different forms like heat, light or sound. For example, a glow stick releases light making that an exergonic reaction and not an exothermic reaction since no heat is released. Even endothermic reactions at very high temperature are exergonic.
![### Chemical Reactions: Completion and Balancing
**Task:** Complete and balance the following outlined reactions by supplying the products.
#### Reaction 1:
\[ \begin{array}{c}
\text{Butanoic Acid} \\
\left(\text{CH}_3 \text{-CH}_2 \text{-CH}_2 \text{-COOH}\right)
\end{array} \]
reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide,
\[ \text{Na}^+ \text{OH}^- \;(\text{aq}) \]
#### Reaction 2:
\[ \begin{array}{c}
\text{Acetoacetic Acid} \\
\left(\text{CH}_3 \text{-CO} \text{-CH}_2 \text{-COOH}\right)
\end{array} \]
undergoes aqueous dissociation with water,
\[ \text{H}_2\text{O} \]
with an acid dissociation constant,
\[ K_a = 1.5 \times 10^{-5} \]
#### Reaction 3:
\[ \begin{array}{c}
\text{Malonic Acid} \\
\left(\text{HOOC-CH}_2\text{-COOH}\right)
\end{array} \]
is subjected to heating,
\[ \text{heat at } 130^\circ\text{C} \]
Each reaction involves the detailed chemical transformation of compounds, considering the factors of balance and completion.
### Explanation of Graphs and Diagrams:
In this series of reactions, the diagrams represent the skeletal structures of the organic compounds participating in the reactions. The arrows indicate the direction of the reactions, and the conditions specified (such as temperature and dissociation constants) provide additional constraints or context for these reactions.
- **Reaction 1:** Shows an acid-base reaction leading to the formation of a carboxylate salt and water.
- **Reaction 2:** Illustrates the ionization of a weak acid in water, characterized by its \( K_a \) value, to form hydronium ions and the conjugate base.
- **Reaction 3:** Depicts a thermal decarboxylation reaction, likely resulting in smaller molecules after heating.
Students should complete the reactions by identifying the products and ensuring that the chemical equations are balanced in terms of both mass and charge.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fff015db4-0da8-42fc-9d60-01a672218c35%2F5e267af9-1d9b-471a-beff-95a58884fa78%2F7cuo0b_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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