Comets orbit the Sun in highly elliptical orbits, and are mainly composed of frozen waterand CO2. Short-period comets originate in the Kuiper belt, roughlywe will investigate some of the impacts of comets on the early Earth.~ 40 au distant. Herea Calculate the kinetic energy of a spherical comet of radius 4 km, composed ofwater ice, which travels from the Kuiper belt to the region of the Earth's orbit aroundthe Sun. Assume that the density of water ice p = 0.92 g/cm°b Estimate the radius of the cylindrically shaped crater that such a comet creates when itstrikes the Moon. Assume that the crater, of depth 10 km, is formed by heating to 3,500 K,and thus vaporizing, a cylindrical volume of moon rocks. Moon rocks are made of silicates,which have molecular weights of ~ 30 (i.e., m ~cm°. Ignore the latent heat required to melt and vapourize the rocks, and the energy involvedin vapourizing the comet itself.30 mH), and mean solid densities p ~ 2 g/c The number of craters per unit area in the relatively smooth 'mare' regions of the Moon, whichtrace the impact history over the past - 3 Gyr, indicate a total of about 10 impacts, leaving 50km radius craters, during this period. Based on the assumptions in b), these would be impactsof objects with radii > 4 km. From geometrical considerations alone (i.e., the relative targetsizes posed by the Earth and by the Moon, and ignoring gravity), estimate how many suchobjects have struck the Earth.d What is the mean time interval between impacts? How does the impact youfound compare to ~ 60 Myr, the typical interval between large extinctions of specieson Earth? (The most recent large extinction, 65 Myr ago, eliminated the dinosaurs,and marked the rise of the mammals.) Explain why you might find a different value.

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Description: Comets orbit the Sun in highly elliptical orbits, and are mainly composed of frozen waterand CO2. Short-period comets originate in the Kuiper belt, roughlywe will investigate some of the impacts of comets on the early Earth.~ 40 au distant. Herea Ca

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Comets orbit the Sun in highly elliptical orbits, and are mainly composed of frozen water and CO2. Short-period comets originate in the Kuiper belt, roughly we will investigate some of the impacts of comets on the early Earth. ~ 40 au distant. Here a Calculate the kinetic energy of a spherical comet of radius 4 km, composed of water ice, which travels from the Kuiper belt to the region of the Earth's orbit around the Sun. Assume that the density of water ice p = 0.92 g/cm°

Comets orbit the Sun in highly elliptical orbits, and are mainly composed of frozen water and CO2. Short-period comets originate in the Kuiper belt, roughly we will investigate some of the impacts of comets on the early Earth. ~ 40 au distant. Here a Calculate the kinetic energy of a spherical comet of radius 4 km, composed of water ice, which travels from the Kuiper belt to the region of the Earth's orbit around the Sun. Assume that the density of water ice p = 0.92 g/cm°

College Physics

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305952300

Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille

Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille

Chapter1: Units, Trigonometry. And Vectors

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1CQ: Estimate the order of magnitude of the length, in meters, of each of the following; (a) a mouse, (b)...

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