Cleavage... A. Is a developmental stage consisting of a cell layer surrounding a fluid-filled space B. Is a specialized form of cell division that partitions the cytoplasm of a fertilized egg C. Refers to the fusion of haploid gametes to give a diploid zygote D. Produces an embryo with either two or three distinct cell layers E. None of the above

Cleavage... A. Is a developmental stage consisting of a cell layer surrounding a fluid-filled space B. Is a specialized form of cell division that partitions the cytoplasm of a fertilized egg C. Refers to the fusion of haploid gametes to give a diploid zygote D. Produces an embryo with either two or three distinct cell layers E. None of the above

Human Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305112100

Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Chapter16: Reproductive Systems

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8SQ: Fertilization _____. a. unites the nuclei of a sperm and egg cell b. forms a zygote that has...

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During cleavage, the _______ is converted to a ball of cells, which in turn is transformed into the __________. a. zygote; blastocyst b. trophoblast; embryonic disk c. ovum; embryonic disk d. blastocyst; embryonic disk
Meroblastic cleavage is typical of embryos formed from __________ eggs, (a) moderately telolecithal (b) highly telolecithal (c) isolecithal (d) b and c (e) a, b, and c
Label the early development stages shown in the following diagram.
A spermatogonial cell undergoes mitosis before entering the meiotic cell cycle en route to the production of sperm. However, during mitosis the cytoplasm fails to divide, and only one daughter cell is produced. A resultant sperm eventually fertilizes a normal ovum. What is the chromosomal complement of the embryo?
The part of meiosis that is similar to mitosis is_______. a. meiosis I b. anaphase I c. meiosis II d. interkinesis
Cell differentiation occurs through _______________, whereas morphogenesis involves _______________. (a) pattern formation; cell determination (b) cell division; cell expansion (c) cell expansion; pattern formation (d) cell determination; cell division (e) cell determination; pattern formation
Figure 43.15 Which of the following statements about hormone regulation of the female reproductive cycle is false? LH and FSH are produced in the pituitary, and estradiol and progesterone are produced in the ovaries. Estradiol and progesterone secreted from the corpus luteum cause the endometrium to thicken. Both progesterone and estradiol are produced by the follicles. Secretion of GnRH by the hypothalamus is inhibited by low levels of estradiol but stimulated by high levels of estradiol.
Figure 43.17 Which of the following statements about the menstrual cycle is false? Progesterone levels rise during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle and the secretory phase of the uterine cycle. Menstruation occurs just after LH and FSH levels peak. Menstruation occurs after progesterone levels drop. Estrogen levels rise before ovulation, while progesterone levels rise after.
Adams maternal and paternal chromosomes have alternate forms of a gene that influences whether a person is right-handed or left-handed. One form says right and its partner says left. Visualize one of Adams spermatogonia, in which chromosomes are being duplicated prior to meiosis. Visualize what happens to the chromosomes during anaphase I and II. (It might help to use toothpicks as models of the sister chromatids of each chromosome.) What fraction of Adam's sperm will carry the gene for right-handedness? For left-handedness?
_________ is the gene-guided process by which cells in different locations in the embryo become specialized. a. Implantation b. Neurulation c. Cell differentiation d. Morphogenesis
Figure 18.17 Which of the following statements about hormone regulation of the female reproductive cycle is false? a. LH and FSH are produced in the pituitary, and estrogen and progesterone are produced in the ovaries. b. Estradiol and progesterone secreted from the corpus luteum cause the endometrium to thicken. c. Both progesterone and estrogen are produced by the follicles. d. Secretion of GnRH by the hypothalamus is inhibited by low levels of estrogen but stimulated by high levels of estrogen.
Human haploid gametes (sperm and eggs) contain: a. 46 chromosomes, 46 chromatids b. 46 chromosomes, 23 chromatids c. 23 chromosomes, 46 chromatids d. 23 chromosomes, 23 chromatids