**Instructional Text on Glycolysis Compounds**This educational activity focuses on arranging the structures of five compounds involved in glycolysis in their proper sequential order, from the start to the end of the pathway. You are tasked with arranging these compounds without external references.**Compounds to Arrange:**1. **Reactant for Step 1**2. **Product of Step 3**3. **Product of Step 5**4. **Product of Step 6**5. **Product of Step 10****Answer Bank (Compounds):**- Compound 1: - Structure: C=O - CH₂-CO-CO₂²⁻- Compound 2: - Structure: - H-C=O - | - C - | - OH - | - OH - | - CH₂PO₃²⁻- Compound 3: - Structure: - CH₂OPO₃²⁻ - | - C=O - | - HO-C-H - | - H-C-OH - | - H-C-OH - | - CH₂OPO₃²⁻- Compound 4: - Structure: - H-C=O - | - H-C-OH - | - HO-C-H - | - H-C-OH - | - H-C-OH - | - CH₂OH- Compound 5: - Structure: - A two-carbon compound with an additional phosphate group. By analyzing the structural formulas provided in the answer bank, determine the correct sequence of compounds from the beginning to the end of the glycolysis process. This exercise helps reinforce knowledge about the metabolic pathway and the structural differences between intermediates. In the glycolytic pathway, glucose 6-phosphate, a six-carbon sugar, is isomerized to fructose 6-phosphate. Two steps after the isomerization reaction, the six-carbon sugar is cleaved to form two three-carbon sugars.**Diagram Explanation:**- The diagram illustrates the isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate.- On the left, the structure of glucose 6-phosphate shows the arrangement of the hydroxyl (OH) groups and a phosphate group attached to the sixth carbon.- An arrow labeled "phosphohexose isomerase" indicates the enzymatic conversion.- On the right, fructose 6-phosphate is depicted, showing a different arrangement of the hydroxyl groups and the same phosphate group on the sixth carbon.**Question Section:**Choose the statements that describe why the isomerization reaction is critical for the subsequent cleavage reaction that results in the formation of two three-carbon sugars in the glycolytic pathway.- □ The carbon of a carbonyl group has a partial positive charge and can delocalize electrons to facilitate cleavage of the C–C bond. Without the isomerization reaction, C-1 will be the carbonyl carbon and the C–C cleavage will occur between C-2 and C-3.- □ Breaking a C–C bond is energetically unfavorable and can only proceed if a functional group with electronegative atoms is adjacent to the cleavage site to stabilize the reaction intermediates.- □ To cleave a C–C bond, a nucleophilic carbon attacks the adjacent electrophilic carbon. The isomerization reaction moves the carbonyl group to C-2, thus making it a nucleophile that can attack C-3 to generate two three-carbon sugars.- □ The partial positive charge on the carbonyl carbon can stabilize the carbon radicals formed by the homolytic cleavage of the C–C bond in the six-carbon sugar. Since the C–C cleavage occurs between C-3 and C-4 of the six-carbon sugar, the carbonyl group needs to be on C-2.- □ Cleavage of a C–C bond in the six-carbon sugar occurs via a decarboxylation reaction that requires a carbonyl group adjacent to the cleavage site to stabilize the carbanion intermediate.

Glycolysis is the collection of 10 enzymatically catalysed reactions that sequentially oxidises a 1 molecule of 6-carbon glucose into two molecules of 3-carbon pyruvate. ATP and NADH are also byproducts of glycolysis. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm. Organisms living in anaerobic conditions rely solely on glycolysis for the generation of ATPGlycolysis step-by-step reaction : Glucose is converted to glucose-6-phosphate by hexokinase. G6P is converted to fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) by G6P isomerase F6P is converted to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate by PhosphoFructoKinase-1 Aldolase catalyzes Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate conversion to DHAP and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Triose phosphate isomerase converts DHAP to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate GAP is converted to 2 1,3-biphosphoglycerate by GAP dehydrogenase phosphoglycerate kinase removes phosphate from 1,3-BPG to convert it to 2 3-phosphoglycerate 3-phosphoglycerate is converted to 2 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate mutase 2-phosphoglycerate to 2 phosphoenolpyruvate conversion is facilitated by enolase PEP is converted to pyruvate by pyruvate kinaseThe identity of the different structures is given in the diagram below. Based on the identity, the correct choices are: Reactant for step 1: glucose Product of step 3: fructose 1,6-bisphosphate Product of step 5: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Product of step 6: 1,3-biphosphoglycerate Product of step 10: pyruvate. In the reaction catalysed by aldolase, the C-C bond between carbon 3 and carbon 4 needs to be broken to produce the three carbon derivatives: DHAP and G3P Breaking of C-C is not energetically favourable. The advantage that fructose has over glucose is that the carbonyl group (it has a partial positive charge) is next to C3. Due to the presence of a partial positive charge, the carbonyl group can draw the electron from the C-C bond towards itself and facilitate the cleavage of the C-C bond between C3 and C4. Therefore statements 1 and 2 are correct. Reactions involving nucleophile and electrophile yield substitution products, not cleavage products. Decarboxylation reactions (removal of COO) do not occur in glycolysis. Therefore statements 3 and 5 are incorrect Carbon radicals cannot be produced until cleave reactions can occur and cleavage of the C-C bond is not energetically favourable until the carbonyl group is present on the C2 to destabilise the C-C bond between C3 and C4 by drawing electrons to itself. So statement 4 is only partly correct.