Cholesterol ( see picture) has a fused four – ring core and is part of body membranes. The      -OH group on C-3 is the polar head, and the rest of the molecule provides the hydrophobic tail that does not fit into the zigzag packing of the hydrocarbon portion of the saturated fatty acids. Considering this structure, does cholesterol contribute to the stiffening (rigidity) or the fluidity of a membrane? why or why not?

Q: The activity of a pore-forming membrane protein, PorinA1, was tested in different lipid bilayers at…

A: Biological membranes are lipid bilayers, which provide structure to the cells. Biological membranes…

Q: inity of hemoglobin for oxygen varies according to the pH of the plasma. In fact, the warmer and…

A: The continuous link between hemoprotein oxygen saturation and oxygen tension is known as hemoglobin…

Q: The compositions of the inner and outer surfaces of the lipid bilayer are different. Why do these…

A: The lipid bilayer or phospholipid bilayer is a thin polar membrane made up of two layers of lipid…

Q: (a). Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules which have hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. Explain…

A: Lipid Bilayer is the universal basis for the cell membrane. The bilayer structure is composed of…

Q: Sugars substitute water in many cells that may withstand extreme dehydration. These sugars interact…

A: It is given that sugars substitute water in many cells that may withstand extreme dehydration. These…

Q: Name two glycerophospholipids found in eukaryotic cell membranes and two sphingolipids. What…

A: Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules composed of fatty acids, phosphate, alcohol group (not…

Q: Aside from cholesterol, what other chemical components of the cell membrane contributes to its…

A: Membrane chemistry can be rain on the basis of fluid mosaic model. According to this model a…

Q: For the lipids within the bilayer that comprise the plasma membrane: The hydrophilic ends face…

A: Structure of cell membraneLipid Bilayer-2 layers of phospholipidsPhosphate head is polar (water…

Q: Lipid bilayers are amphipathic. What does this mean?

A: Hydrophilicity is the character of the molecules in which molecules love water that is they dissolve…

Q: Dr. Bunsen Honeydew is interested in studying the lipid makeup of the cell membranes from a mammal…

A: The cell membrane also referred to as the plasma membrane comprises a  semipermeable lipid bilayer.…

Q: What are lipid rafts? Describe the molecular components

A: As per the honor code, we only answer one question at a time. Therefore we are answering the first…

Q: b) Cellular membranes are generally found in environt diagram of what the phospholipid bilayer of a…

A: Life's functional units are cells. Cells are also the fundamental building blocks of life. A variety…

Q: Describe the macromolecular and biophysical characteristics of collagen in the extracellular matrix…

A: There are few points to know about collagen.  It is the major structural protein in the…

Q: Support or refute the following statement: “Double bonding provides the plasma membrane with…

A: Plasma membranes form the boundary of a cell. It helps the cell by supporting most of the vital…

Q: Although we tend to think of the cell membrane as a smooth covering for a cell, the membrane can…

A: The cell membrane is a bilayer of phospholipid. It contains lipids, proteins and also carbohydrates…

Q: Peripheral membrane proteins are not amphipathic and do not associate with the nonpolar regions of…

A: Peripheral proteins are a set of biologically active molecules formed from amino acids.

Q: Why can’t triacylglycerols be significant components of lipid bilayers?

A: A lipid is any of various organic compounds that are insoluble in water. They include fats, waxes,…

Q: Which of the following fatty acids, if incorporated into a typical eukaryotic membrane phospholipid,…

A: The cell membrane is the biological membrane that separates the interior of the cell from the…

Q: Given that phospholipid synthesis occurs only on ONE side of the bilayer, how does a cell end up…

A: The eukaryotic cells contains phospholipids as the major components of the plasma membrane composed…

Q: Match lipid descriptions in column A with the phospholipid type in column B ✓ H is attached to the…

A: Membrane is composed of phospholipids whose structure has polar head group & non-polar tails.…

Q: In phospholipids, at least one fatty acid chain is "kinked", resulting in a bent structure. why?

A: Introduction :- Cell membrane is mainly made up of proteins and lipids . Membrane lipids are…

Q: Many transmembrane proteins are oligomeric, with several identical subunits. The oligonmers are…

A: Transmembrane Protein is a type of integral membrane protein that spans the entirety of the cell…

Q: A cholesterol molecule consists of a polar region (shown in white) and a nonpolar region (shown in…

A: * The lipid bilayer or phospholipid bilayer is a thin polar membrane which is made up of two layers…

Q: Which of the following fatty acids, if incorporated into a typical eukaryotic membrane phospholipid,…

A: Membrane fluidity is an important feature that impacts the efficacy of biological membranes.…

Q: A structural element common in all glycerophospholipids is:

A: Glycerophospholipids are the molecule that consists of glycerol, fatty acid, phosphate and alcohol.…

Q: Which of the following statements are acceptable and why? [Whereas all the carbohydrate in the…

A: The cytomembrane, also known as the cell membrane, is found in all cells and serves to separate the…

Q: Which of these general statements is TRUE about the lipid called phosphatidylethanolamine (or PE)? O…

A: Introduction: Lipids are biomolecules that play an important role in the structure and function of…

Q: Lipid bilayers are said to behave like two-dimensional fluids. What does this mean?

A: The lipid bilayer (or phospholipid bilayer) is a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid…

Q: HO ↑ A CH3 B choline head group H3C. C glycerol backbone CH3 CH3 < CH3 B- CH3- CH3 C-CH₂-CH O O C 0…

A: A= Sterol group  B= Choline C = Glycerol D = Acyl chain

Q: When a substance such as sodium chloride is dissolved inwater, the ions that form become completely…

A: Lipids are also known as fats and triglycerides. Lipids represent the fatty acids, monoglycerides,…

Q: What properties does a phospholipid head group impart to the lipid, and why is that useful for a…

A: Fatty acids are important micromolecules which combine together to form lipids in plants, animals…

Q: How does the phospholipid bilayer of a liposome differ from the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma…

A: A phospholipid bilayer makes up the majority of cell membranes. This bilayer is made up of a…

Q: Why is the lipid bilayer of a c

A: The cell membrane is the shape-maintaining component of the cell. It is present in both animal and…

Q: How is the structure of cholesterol similar to other membrane lipids? How is it different? Based on…

A: The plasma membrane is very crucial for cellular functions as it helps in the regulation of the…

Q: It seems paradoxical that a lipid bilayer can be fluid yet asymmetrical. Explain.

A: Introduction :- The lipid bilayer (also known as the phospholipid bilayer) is a thin polar membrane…

Q: a) When mixed with water, phospholipids assemble themselves into a lipid bilayer with the polar head…

A: The cell membrane separates the internal environment of the cell from the external environment. It…

Q: Biological membranes are critical components of cells that allow compartmentalisation of cellular…

A: The diagram shows a schematic outline of a G protein coupled receptor or Seven Pass Receptor (since…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.