The image shows the structural formula of the organic compound known as 2,3,4-trimethylpentane, a type of alkane. Alkanes are hydrocarbons with single covalent bonds between carbon atoms, and they follow the general formula CnH2n+2. ### Structural Details: - **Carbon Backbone**: The compound has a five-carbon backbone, indicated by the zigzag line, which represents carbon-carbon single bonds. - **Methyl Groups**: There are three methyl groups (-CH₃) attached to the main carbon chain at the second (2), third (3), and fourth (4) positions. - **Hydrogen Atoms**: Each carbon atom is surrounded by enough hydrogen atoms to satisfy the four bonds typically formed by carbon. ### Nomenclature: 1. **Base Name**: The base name "pentane" comes from the five-carbon backbone. 2. **Numbering**: Carbon atoms are numbered from the end nearest the first branching point. 3. **Substituents**: The "2,3,4-trimethyl-" prefix indicates that methyl groups are attached at these positions on the pentane chain. ### Importance: 2,3,4-trimethylpentane is significant in the study of hydrocarbons and isomers due to its role as a reference compound in the octane rating scale for fuels. Understanding its structure and naming conventions is crucial for students learning organic chemistry.
The image shows the structural formula of the organic compound known as 2,3,4-trimethylpentane, a type of alkane. Alkanes are hydrocarbons with single covalent bonds between carbon atoms, and they follow the general formula CnH2n+2. ### Structural Details: - **Carbon Backbone**: The compound has a five-carbon backbone, indicated by the zigzag line, which represents carbon-carbon single bonds. - **Methyl Groups**: There are three methyl groups (-CH₃) attached to the main carbon chain at the second (2), third (3), and fourth (4) positions. - **Hydrogen Atoms**: Each carbon atom is surrounded by enough hydrogen atoms to satisfy the four bonds typically formed by carbon. ### Nomenclature: 1. **Base Name**: The base name "pentane" comes from the five-carbon backbone. 2. **Numbering**: Carbon atoms are numbered from the end nearest the first branching point. 3. **Substituents**: The "2,3,4-trimethyl-" prefix indicates that methyl groups are attached at these positions on the pentane chain. ### Importance: 2,3,4-trimethylpentane is significant in the study of hydrocarbons and isomers due to its role as a reference compound in the octane rating scale for fuels. Understanding its structure and naming conventions is crucial for students learning organic chemistry.
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
Related questions
Question
For the molecule given, find the number of asymmetric carbons, the maximum number of stereoisomers it can have, draw the chiral stereoisomers, and identify which are achiral or meso.
Transcribed Image Text:The image shows the structural formula of the organic compound known as 2,3,4-trimethylpentane, a type of alkane. Alkanes are hydrocarbons with single covalent bonds between carbon atoms, and they follow the general formula CnH2n+2.
### Structural Details:
- **Carbon Backbone**: The compound has a five-carbon backbone, indicated by the zigzag line, which represents carbon-carbon single bonds.
- **Methyl Groups**: There are three methyl groups (-CH₃) attached to the main carbon chain at the second (2), third (3), and fourth (4) positions.
- **Hydrogen Atoms**: Each carbon atom is surrounded by enough hydrogen atoms to satisfy the four bonds typically formed by carbon.
### Nomenclature:
1. **Base Name**: The base name "pentane" comes from the five-carbon backbone.
2. **Numbering**: Carbon atoms are numbered from the end nearest the first branching point.
3. **Substituents**: The "2,3,4-trimethyl-" prefix indicates that methyl groups are attached at these positions on the pentane chain.
### Importance:
2,3,4-trimethylpentane is significant in the study of hydrocarbons and isomers due to its role as a reference compound in the octane rating scale for fuels. Understanding its structure and naming conventions is crucial for students learning organic chemistry.
Expert Solution
Step 1
Asymmetric carbon: Carbon with 4 different atoms or groups attached to it
Number of stereoisomers = 2n Where, n = number of asymmetric carbons
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Solved in 2 steps with 1 images
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