**Equilibrium and Reaction Completeness in Chemistry** In CHEM 3112, we will explore reactions based on the deprotonation of ketones, such as acetone (CH₃)₂C=O, which has a pKa of 19.2. Given the bases [LiN(iPr)₂] and [NaOCH₃], decide which one will be useful to completely deprotonate acetone, and which one will be less likely, setting up an equilibrium. Explain your choices. **Key Concepts:** 1. **Equilibrium Reactions:** The equilibrium concept means that if the reaction is reversible there will be four species in solution at one time: the acid, the base, the conjugate acid, and the conjugate base. Sometimes, using a base that completely deprotonates the acid is essential for the intended reaction outcomes, while weaker bases may only partially deprotonate the acid, thus establishing an equilibrium. 2. **Reaction Outcomes:** - Use pKa values to understand the relative strengths of acids and bases. A lower pKa means a stronger acid, while a higher pKa indicates a stronger base. - Provide examples of reactions with each base, showing the products formed when these bases react with water (H₂O) to illustrate relative base strengths. 3. **Practice Problem:** - Compare two given bases: - Evaluate their ability to deprotonate acetone based on their pKa values. - Explain the decision of choosing a particular base for a complete reaction or an equilibrium process. No graphs or diagrams are present in this section. However, handwritten chemical reactions are noted to describe possible interactions: - \( \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3 + \text{NH}_3 \rightarrow \) - \( \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3 + \text{NH}_2^- \) This educational segment aids students in understanding how to select appropriate bases for controlling reaction completeness via equilibrium principles.
**Equilibrium and Reaction Completeness in Chemistry** In CHEM 3112, we will explore reactions based on the deprotonation of ketones, such as acetone (CH₃)₂C=O, which has a pKa of 19.2. Given the bases [LiN(iPr)₂] and [NaOCH₃], decide which one will be useful to completely deprotonate acetone, and which one will be less likely, setting up an equilibrium. Explain your choices. **Key Concepts:** 1. **Equilibrium Reactions:** The equilibrium concept means that if the reaction is reversible there will be four species in solution at one time: the acid, the base, the conjugate acid, and the conjugate base. Sometimes, using a base that completely deprotonates the acid is essential for the intended reaction outcomes, while weaker bases may only partially deprotonate the acid, thus establishing an equilibrium. 2. **Reaction Outcomes:** - Use pKa values to understand the relative strengths of acids and bases. A lower pKa means a stronger acid, while a higher pKa indicates a stronger base. - Provide examples of reactions with each base, showing the products formed when these bases react with water (H₂O) to illustrate relative base strengths. 3. **Practice Problem:** - Compare two given bases: - Evaluate their ability to deprotonate acetone based on their pKa values. - Explain the decision of choosing a particular base for a complete reaction or an equilibrium process. No graphs or diagrams are present in this section. However, handwritten chemical reactions are noted to describe possible interactions: - \( \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3 + \text{NH}_3 \rightarrow \) - \( \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3 + \text{NH}_2^- \) This educational segment aids students in understanding how to select appropriate bases for controlling reaction completeness via equilibrium principles.
Chemistry
10th Edition
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Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
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Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Question
![**Equilibrium and Reaction Completeness in Chemistry**
In CHEM 3112, we will explore reactions based on the deprotonation of ketones, such as acetone (CH₃)₂C=O, which has a pKa of 19.2. Given the bases [LiN(iPr)₂] and [NaOCH₃], decide which one will be useful to completely deprotonate acetone, and which one will be less likely, setting up an equilibrium. Explain your choices.
**Key Concepts:**
1. **Equilibrium Reactions:** The equilibrium concept means that if the reaction is reversible there will be four species in solution at one time: the acid, the base, the conjugate acid, and the conjugate base. Sometimes, using a base that completely deprotonates the acid is essential for the intended reaction outcomes, while weaker bases may only partially deprotonate the acid, thus establishing an equilibrium.
2. **Reaction Outcomes:**
- Use pKa values to understand the relative strengths of acids and bases. A lower pKa means a stronger acid, while a higher pKa indicates a stronger base.
- Provide examples of reactions with each base, showing the products formed when these bases react with water (H₂O) to illustrate relative base strengths.
3. **Practice Problem:**
- Compare two given bases:
- Evaluate their ability to deprotonate acetone based on their pKa values.
- Explain the decision of choosing a particular base for a complete reaction or an equilibrium process.
No graphs or diagrams are present in this section. However, handwritten chemical reactions are noted to describe possible interactions:
- \( \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3 + \text{NH}_3 \rightarrow \)
- \( \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3 + \text{NH}_2^- \)
This educational segment aids students in understanding how to select appropriate bases for controlling reaction completeness via equilibrium principles.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fe4131c81-4c29-4af8-9fa6-46c3260e4454%2F583ba5a2-bd64-4506-aafa-ee46f24b81cc%2Ffd8eds.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Equilibrium and Reaction Completeness in Chemistry**
In CHEM 3112, we will explore reactions based on the deprotonation of ketones, such as acetone (CH₃)₂C=O, which has a pKa of 19.2. Given the bases [LiN(iPr)₂] and [NaOCH₃], decide which one will be useful to completely deprotonate acetone, and which one will be less likely, setting up an equilibrium. Explain your choices.
**Key Concepts:**
1. **Equilibrium Reactions:** The equilibrium concept means that if the reaction is reversible there will be four species in solution at one time: the acid, the base, the conjugate acid, and the conjugate base. Sometimes, using a base that completely deprotonates the acid is essential for the intended reaction outcomes, while weaker bases may only partially deprotonate the acid, thus establishing an equilibrium.
2. **Reaction Outcomes:**
- Use pKa values to understand the relative strengths of acids and bases. A lower pKa means a stronger acid, while a higher pKa indicates a stronger base.
- Provide examples of reactions with each base, showing the products formed when these bases react with water (H₂O) to illustrate relative base strengths.
3. **Practice Problem:**
- Compare two given bases:
- Evaluate their ability to deprotonate acetone based on their pKa values.
- Explain the decision of choosing a particular base for a complete reaction or an equilibrium process.
No graphs or diagrams are present in this section. However, handwritten chemical reactions are noted to describe possible interactions:
- \( \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3 + \text{NH}_3 \rightarrow \)
- \( \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3 + \text{NH}_2^- \)
This educational segment aids students in understanding how to select appropriate bases for controlling reaction completeness via equilibrium principles.
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