ATP energy molecules are synthesized during the oxidative phosphorylation of cellular respiration in mitochondria and the light reaction of photosynthesis in chloroplasts. Using the diagram below as a guide, compare and contrast the mechanisms of ATP synthesis in the two processes. **Chemiosmosis in Mitochondria and Chloroplasts**This diagram illustrates the process of chemiosmosis in mitochondria and chloroplasts.**Mitochondrion Structure:**- The diagram on the left represents the mitochondrion.- Inside the mitochondrion, there's a depiction of the inner membrane and inter-membrane space.- The electron transport chain (ETC) is located in the inner membrane.- Protons (H⁺) are pumped from the matrix into the inter-membrane space by the ETC.- This creates a gradient with higher concentrations of H⁺ in the inter-membrane space (indicated in gray) and lower concentrations in the matrix (indicated in white).- Through ATP synthase, protons diffuse back into the matrix, driving the conversion of ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) into ATP.**Chloroplast Structure:**- The diagram on the right illustrates the chloroplast.- Within the chloroplast, the thylakoid membrane and thylakoid space are shown.- Similarly, protons are pumped into the thylakoid space, leading to a high concentration of H⁺ (indicated in gray), while lower concentrations are found in the stroma (indicated in white).- Protons move back into the stroma through ATP synthase, facilitating the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi.**Key:**- Areas with higher H⁺ concentration are shaded gray.- Areas with lower H⁺ concentration are shaded white.This process of chemiosmosis is crucial for ATP production in both mitochondria and chloroplasts.© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an energy carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things.…

Answered: Chemiosmosis in Mitochondria and…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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ATP energy molecules are synthesized during the oxidative phosphorylation of cellular respiration in mitochondria and the light reaction of photosynthesis in chloroplasts. Using the diagram below as a guide, compare and contrast the mechanisms of ATP synthesis in the two processes.

**Chemiosmosis in Mitochondria and Chloroplasts**

This diagram illustrates the process of chemiosmosis in mitochondria and chloroplasts.

**Mitochondrion Structure:**
- The diagram on the left represents the mitochondrion.
- Inside the mitochondrion, there's a depiction of the inner membrane and inter-membrane space.
- The electron transport chain (ETC) is located in the inner membrane.
- Protons (H⁺) are pumped from the matrix into the inter-membrane space by the ETC.
- This creates a gradient with higher concentrations of H⁺ in the inter-membrane space (indicated in gray) and lower concentrations in the matrix (indicated in white).
- Through ATP synthase, protons diffuse back into the matrix, driving the conversion of ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) into ATP.

**Chloroplast Structure:**
- The diagram on the right illustrates the chloroplast.
- Within the chloroplast, the thylakoid membrane and thylakoid space are shown.
- Similarly, protons are pumped into the thylakoid space, leading to a high concentration of H⁺ (indicated in gray), while lower concentrations are found in the stroma (indicated in white).
- Protons move back into the stroma through ATP synthase, facilitating the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi.

**Key:**
- Areas with higher H⁺ concentration are shaded gray.
- Areas with lower H⁺ concentration are shaded white.

This process of chemiosmosis is crucial for ATP production in both mitochondria and chloroplasts.

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

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