Charles’s Law Problems 1atm = 101.325kPa = 14.7psi = 760mmHg = 160 torr = 29.92 in Hg 1) A container holds 50.0 mL of nitrogen at 25° C and a pressure of 736 mm Hg. What will be its volume if the temperature increases by 35° C? 5.9mL N 2 2) A sample of oxygen occupies a volume of 160 dm 3 at 91° C. What will be the volume of oxygen when the temperature drops to 0.00° C? 120dm 3 O 2 3) A balloon full of He has a volume of 2.75L at a temperature of 18° C what will the balloons volume be if it is heated to 45° C? 3.01L He 4) A sample of Ar gas has a volume of 0.43L at 24° C. At what temperature, in ° C, will its volume be 0.57L? 31.8° C 5) If a 134.5L sample of N 2 gas at 31.8°C is heated until it volume increases by 12% what is the final temperature of the gas? (hint: what is 112% of 134.5?). 35.6°C 6) A sample of hydrogen has an initial temperature of 50.0°C. When the temperature is lowered to -5.0° C, the volume of hydrogen becomes 212 cm 3 . What was the initial volume of the hydrogen in dm 3 ? 0.256 dm 3 H 2 7) 568 cm 3 of chlorine at 25° C will occupy what volume at -25° C while the pressure remains constant? 473 cm 3 Cl 2 8) A sample of helium has a volume of 521 dm 3 at a pressure of 75 cm Hg and a temperature of 18° C. When the temperature is increased to 23° C, what is the volume of the helium?
Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
Charles’s Law Problems
1atm = 101.325kPa = 14.7psi = 760mmHg = 160 torr = 29.92 in Hg
1) A container holds 50.0 mL of nitrogen at 25° C and a pressure of 736 mm Hg.
What will be its volume if the temperature increases by 35° C? 5.9mL N 2
2) A sample of oxygen occupies a volume of 160 dm 3 at 91° C. What will be the
volume of oxygen when the temperature drops to 0.00° C? 120dm 3 O 2
3) A balloon full of He has a volume of 2.75L at a temperature of 18° C what will
the balloons volume be if it is heated to 45° C? 3.01L He
4) A sample of Ar gas has a volume of 0.43L at 24° C. At what temperature, in ° C,
will its volume be 0.57L? 31.8° C
5) If a 134.5L sample of N 2 gas at 31.8°C is heated until it volume increases by 12%
what is the final temperature of the gas? (hint: what is 112% of 134.5?). 35.6°C
6) A sample of hydrogen has an initial temperature of 50.0°C. When the
temperature is lowered to -5.0° C, the volume of hydrogen becomes 212 cm 3 .
What was the initial volume of the hydrogen in dm 3 ? 0.256 dm 3 H 2
7) 568 cm 3 of chlorine at 25° C will occupy what volume at -25° C while the
pressure remains constant? 473 cm 3 Cl 2
8) A sample of helium has a volume of 521 dm 3 at a pressure of 75 cm Hg and a
temperature of 18° C. When the temperature is increased to 23° C, what is the
volume of the helium?
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