CHARACTERS 1 2 3 4 5 SPECIES A 0 0 1 0 0 B 1 0 1 0 1 C 1 0 1 1 0 D 1 1 1 0 1 Use the phenetic approach (similarity matrix, UPGMA) to draw the tree that derives from the above data matrix with species A-D and character traits 1-5, and 0 represents lacking the trait and 1 represents possession of the trait. Show your data matrices and final tree.
CHARACTERS
1 2 3 4 5
SPECIES
A 0 0 1 0 0
B 1 0 1 0 1
C 1 0 1 1 0
D 1 1 1 0 1
Use the phenetic approach (similarity matrix, UPGMA) to draw the tree that derives from the above data matrix with species A-D and character traits 1-5, and 0 represents lacking the trait and 1 represents possession of the trait. Show your data matrices and final tree.
To construct a phenetic tree using the UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) approach, we need to first construct a similarity matrix based on the presence or absence of character traits in each species. Then, we will use this matrix to calculate the distances between each species and group them together based on their similarities.
Here is the similarity matrix for the given data:
A B C D
A - 2 3 3
B - - 1 2
C - - - 2
D - - - -
In this matrix, the diagonal values are zero because the similarity between a species and itself is 100%. We can also see that the matrix is symmetrical since the similarity between species A and B is the same as the similarity between species B and A.
To calculate the distances between each species, we will use the following formula:
distance(A,B) = (similarity(A,B)) / (2 * n)
where n is the total number of character traits. This formula gives us the distance between species A and B based on their similarity score. We will use this distance to group these two species together in the tree.
Using this formula, we can calculate the distances between each pair of species and update our similarity matrix accordingly:
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
