Consider the schema for a flight schedule database that keeps track of carriers (such as British Air), Airports (such as JFK Airport), and flights schedule (such as Flight 124 from Atlanta to London and its carrier is British Air).   Airport(AID,AName,ACity,ACountry) Carrier(CID,CName,CCity,CCountry) Flight(FromAirport,ToAirport,Date,CID)   Draw the initial query tree that corresponds to the following SQL query and then show how the query tree is optimized using heuristics:   Select F.AName as FName, T.AName as TName, CName From Airport as F, Airport as T, Flight, Carrier Where F.AID=Flight.FromAirport and T.AID=Flight.ToAirport and Flight.CID=Carrier.CID and Flight.Date=’1/1/2015’   You must show all the optimization steps and comment on each step.

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Types of database architectures

A Database Architecture represents the Database Management System’s (DBMS) design (schema). The DBMS architecture makes it easy to understand the components involved in the database system and their relations. The DBMS architecture may vary based on the system on which it runs. Some systems contain both client and server machines whereas some run only on a server machine. Based on the architecture, the system can be classified as centralized, decentralized, or hierarchical.