Chain A of human insulin has ………. amino acids, while chain B has ……….. amino acids. Chain A and chain B are connected by …….. disulfide bonds. C-peptide measurement can be useful clinically for …………………………….. Insulin detemir differs from regular insulin in ……………………., ……………….., and ……………..
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- Chain A of human insulin has ………. amino acids, while chain B has ……….. amino acids. Chain A and chain B are connected by …….. disulfide bonds.
- C-peptide measurement can be useful clinically for ……………………………..
- Insulin detemir differs from regular insulin in ……………………., ……………….., and ……………..
Human insulin is made up of three chains A , B and C.
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- Select all that is correct. 1) C-peptide is not present in mature insulin. 2) The insulin produced by rDNA technology has C-peptide. 3) The pro-insulin has C-peptide. 4) A-peptide and B-peptide of insulin are interconnected by disulphide bridges.Which 2 endocrine glands exert the most control over blood calcium level:a) anterior pituitary and adrenal cortex b) thyroid and ovaries c) adrenal cortex and thyroid d) parathyroid and anterior pituitary e) thyroid and parathyroidWhat is the role of calcium at the synaptic terminal?Explain the active site theory of enzyme functioning?Many diabetics do not respond to insulin because of a deficiency of insulin receptors on their cells. How does this aff ect (a) the levels of circulating glucose immediately after a meal and (b) the rate of glycogen synthesis in muscle?
- For each of the following examples, indicate whether the drug is acting on physical process, chemical process or enzymatic system (your answer should be only; Physical, Chemical or Enzymatic). A. A drug is used as an antidote in lead poisoning and acts by binding to lead particles in body (chelation therapy). B. A drug acts to reduce flatulence and acts by reducing the surface tension of intestinal gas bubbles in the GI tract (e.g. Simethicone). C. A drug competes with alpha-glucosidase in intestine to reduce glucose conversion from disaccharides (e.g. Acarbose).Novolog differs from "normal" insulin in that: Select one: a. An aspartic acid has been substituted for proline at B28 b. The proline at B28 and the lysine at B29 have been reversed c. A glycine has been substituten in at A21, and two new arginines have been added as B31 and B32 d. A "C-peptide" chain has been added e. The usual insulin molecule has been combined with zinc isophaneHbA1c is used to monitor blood glucose levels because hemoglobin is the only protein in blood that is covalently modified by glucose. True False Insulin Glargine is a long-acting form of insulin that is synthesized with several D-amino acids that slow its proteolytic degradation and extend the half-life of the insulin Glargine molecule. True False
- Activated G proteins can ... a) ... cause ion channels to open or close. b) ... increase the synthesis of cAMP. c) ... activate adenylate cyclase. d) ... increase the activity of IP3.21. Pancreatic beta cells secrete the protein hormone insulin in response to various signals. Which of the following is/are true of these cells? a) They would have high concentration of insulin stored in membrane-bound vesicles adjacent to the plasma membrane. b) They would contain more mitochondria than an average cell. c) They participate in regulated secretion. d) a and c e) a, b and cA dietary deficiency of iodine will lead to which of the following? Question 89 options: a) Decreased production of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) b) An increased secretion of thyroid-stimulatory hormone (TSH) c) A direct effect on the synthesis of thyroglobulin on ribosomes d) Decreased gene expression due to the inability of receptors to bind to DNA
- Despite the fact that many peptides have critical physiological functions(e.g., as hormones, neurotransmitters, antibacterial toxins), they are not considered to be ideal as drugs. The following questions illustrate some of the issues that limit the use of peptides as therapeutics.(a) Insulin is a peptide therapeutic used to manage Type 1 diabetes, whichaffects more than 20 million people worldwide according to the International Diabetes Federation. A significant limitation to the broad distribution and use of insulin to treat Type 1 diabetes is the fact that it must be administered by injection rather than orally. Why is insulin administered by injection and not orally?(b) Many of the D-amino acids found in nature have been discovered inbacterially produced peptides that have antibiotic properties. Bacteriasecrete these peptides into their environments to kill competitor bacteriaand thereby gain a selective advantage. Given your answer to part (a) ofthis question, what potential…What peptides are expected to be produced when the A chain of bovine insulin (Figure 5.16) is cleaved by (a) chymotrypsin, or (b) trypsin, or (c) carboxypeptidase A?Synthesis of prostaglandinsis is inhibited by (A)Aspirin (B)Arsenic (C)Fluoride (D)Cyanide