Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Circle the molecules that are most stable.
Transcribed Image Text:**Identifying Stable Carbocations**
The image contains a series of paired molecular structures, each featuring a carbocation represented by a plus sign (+). The task is to circle the more stable carbocation in each pair. Here is a breakdown of the structures:
1. **Pair 1 (Top Left):**
- The left structure has a secondary carbocation.
- The right structure displays a tertiary carbocation.
2. **Pair 2 (Top Right):**
- The left structure is a cyclohexyl cation.
- The right structure is a cycloheptyl cation.
3. **Pair 3 (Middle Left):**
- The left structure contains a methyl cation (CH₃⁺).
- The right structure has a tert-butyl cation (C(CH₃)₃⁺).
4. **Pair 4 (Middle Right):**
- The left structure features a cyclopentyl cation.
- The right structure shows a cyclopent-2-yl cation.
5. **Pair 5 (Bottom Left):**
- The left structure shows a cyclohexyl methyl cation.
- The right structure shows a cyclohexyl ethyl cation.
6. **Pair 6 (Bottom Right):**
- Both structures contain a bromide group (Br) with a secondary carbocation: one on the 2-bromo-2-butyl position and the other on the 3-bromo-2-butyl position.
Understanding the stability of carbocations involves recognizing factors like the degree of the carbocation (primary, secondary, tertiary), resonance, hyperconjugation, and inductive effects. Tertiary carbocations are generally more stable than secondary, which are more stable than primary due to these effects.
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