ce. Circle the best choice: (Hint draw the named molecule before answering. 2. How many ethyl groups are found in 3,4-diethylhexane 3. In 1-pentene-3-yne how many atoms lie in a plane 1. In 2,4-hexadiyne how many atoms lie in a straight line? (a] two (b] three (c] four [d] five [e] six (a] two [b) three fc) four (d) five (e] SIx [a] four [b] five [c] six (d] seven (e) eight
Basics in Organic Reactions Mechanisms
In organic chemistry, the mechanism of an organic reaction is defined as a complete step-by-step explanation of how a reaction of organic compounds happens. A completely detailed mechanism would relate the first structure of the reactants with the last structure of the products and would represent changes in structure and energy all through the reaction step.
Heterolytic Bond Breaking
Heterolytic bond breaking is also known as heterolysis or heterolytic fission or ionic fission. It is defined as breaking of a covalent bond between two different atoms in which one atom gains both of the shared pair of electrons. The atom that gains both electrons is more electronegative than the other atom in covalent bond. The energy needed for heterolytic fission is called as heterolytic bond dissociation energy.
Polar Aprotic Solvent
Solvents that are chemically polar in nature and are not capable of hydrogen bonding (implying that a hydrogen atom directly linked with an electronegative atom is not found) are referred to as polar aprotic solvents. Some commonly used polar aprotic solvents are acetone, DMF, acetonitrile, DMSO, etc.
Oxygen Nucleophiles
Oxygen being an electron rich species with a lone pair electron, can act as a good nucleophile. Typically, oxygen nucleophiles can be found in these compounds- water, hydroxides and alcohols.
Carbon Nucleophiles
We are aware that carbon belongs to group IV and hence does not possess any lone pair of electrons. Implying that neutral carbon is not a nucleophile then how is carbon going to be nucleophilic? The answer to this is that when a carbon atom is attached to a metal (can be seen in the case of organometallic compounds), the metal atom develops a partial positive charge and carbon develops a partial negative charge, hence making carbon nucleophilic.
![Multiple choice. Circle the best choice: [Hint draw the named molecule before answering.)
CHE 231 Organic Chemistry
page 5
April 25, 2022
1. In 2,4-hexadiyne how many atoms lie in a straight ine
(a] two [b] three [c] four (d] five (e] Six
- How many ethyl groups are found in 3,4-diethylhexane
(a) two (b] three fel four [d) five [e] six
3. In l-pentene-3-yne how many atoms lie in a plane
[a] four [b] five
[c] six [d] seven [e] eight
4. 1,2,3-heptanetriol has how many stereoisomers.
[a] three [b] four [c] five [d] six
[e] seven
5. The reason chloroacetic acid has a lower pKa than acetic acid is
la] resonance [b] chirality [c] inductive effect [d] conformation
6. Human steroid hormones derived from cholesterol are known to have all but which one of the
following carbon skeleta. Which one is not found?
[a] 18
[b] 19 [c] 20 [d] 21 [e] 24
7. A compound which contains two chiral carbons but is superimposable on its mirror image is called
[a] a stereoisomer [b] an enantiomer [c] a meso form [d] an R,R/S,S pair [e] Z/E isomers
8. In your mouth and the taste of acids (hydronium ions) are
[a] sweet [b] sour [c] bitter [d] salty [e] spicy hot
9. When bicarbonate anion [HCO3-] gains one proton in water, it will form an equilibrium with
[a] tricarbonate ion [b] carbonic acid [c] acetic acid [d] formic acid
10. Catalytic hydrogenation of a diene gives which of the following:
[a] a saturated hydrocarbon [b] an alkane [c] a triene [d] all of the above [e] A and B only.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F39f63e31-5b20-4362-a5bc-9424b316c45c%2F13a9e525-4fbd-4744-88b3-95034c5ba842%2Fn0xjpki_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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