Cash budget—comprehensive Following are the budgeted income statements for the second quarter of 2013 for SeaTech, Inc.:April May JuneSales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $140,000 $170,000 $190,000Cost of goods sold* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,000 114,000 126,000Gross profi t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 44,000 $ 56,000 $ 64,000Operating expenses† . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,000 25,000 27,000Operating income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 22,000 $ 31,000 $ 37,000*Includes all product costs (i.e., direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead). †Includes all period costs (i.e., selling, general, and administrative expenses). The company expects about 30% of sales to be cash transactions. Of sales on account, 60% are expected to be collected in the first month after the sale is made, and 40% are expected to be collected in the second month after sale. Depreciation, insurance, and property taxes represent $12,000 of the estimated monthly cost of goods sold and $8,000 of the estimated monthly operating expenses. The annual insurance premium is paid in January, and the annual property taxes are paid in August. Of the remainder of the cost of goods sold and operating expenses, 80% are expected to be paid in the month in which they are incurred, and the balance is expected to be paid in the following month.Current assets as of April 1, 2013, consist of cash of $14,000 and accountsreceivable of $149,800 ($105,000 from March credit sales and $44,800 fromFebruary credit sales). Current liabilities as of April 1 consist of $18,000 of accounts payable for product costs incurred in March; $4,600 of accrued liabilities for operating expenses incurred in March; and a $40,000, 12%, 120-day note payable that is due on April 17, 2013. An estimated income tax payment of $40,000 will be made in May. The regular quarterly dividend of $16,000 is expected to be declared in May and paid in June. Capital expenditures amounting to $17,200 will be made in April.Required:a. Complete the monthly cash budgets for the second quarter of 2013 using the following format. Note that the ending cash balance for June is provided as a check figure.b. Assume that management of SeaTech, Inc., desires to maintain a minimum cash balance of $10,000 at the beginning of each month and hasarranged a $50,000 line of credit with a local bank at an interest rate of10% to ensure the availability of funds. Borrowing transactions are tooccur only at the end of months in which the budgeted cash balance wouldotherwise fall short of the $10,000 minimum balance. Repayments ofprincipal and interest are to occur at the end of the earliest month in whichsufficient funds are expected to be available for repayment. Explain how this minimum cash balance requirement would affect the monthly cash budgets prepared in part a. c
Variance Analysis
In layman's terms, variance analysis is an analysis of a difference between planned and actual behavior. Variance analysis is mainly used by the companies to maintain a control over a business. After analyzing differences, companies find the reasons for the variance so that the necessary steps should be taken to correct that variance.
Standard Costing
The standard cost system is the expected cost per unit product manufactured and it helps in estimating the deviations and controlling them as well as fixing the selling price of the product. For example, it helps to plan the cost for the coming year on the various expenses.
April May June
Sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $140,000 $170,000 $190,000
Cost of goods sold* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,000 114,000 126,000
Gross profi t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 44,000 $ 56,000 $ 64,000
Operating expenses† . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,000 25,000 27,000
Operating income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 22,000 $ 31,000 $ 37,000
*Includes all product costs (i.e., direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing
Current assets as of April 1, 2013, consist of cash of $14,000 and
receivable
February credit sales). Current liabilities as of April 1 consist of $18,000 of accounts payable for product costs incurred in March; $4,600 of accrued liabilities for operating expenses incurred in March; and a $40,000, 12%, 120-day note payable that is due on April 17, 2013. An estimated income tax payment of $40,000 will be made in May. The regular quarterly dividend of $16,000 is expected to be declared in May and paid in June. Capital expenditures amounting to $17,200 will be made in April.
Required:
a. Complete the monthly cash budgets for the second quarter of 2013 using the following format. Note that the ending cash balance for June is provided as a check figure.
b. Assume that management of SeaTech, Inc., desires to maintain a minimum cash balance of $10,000 at the beginning of each month and has
arranged a $50,000 line of credit with a local bank at an interest rate of
10% to ensure the availability of funds. Borrowing transactions are to
occur only at the end of months in which the budgeted cash balance would
otherwise fall short of the $10,000 minimum balance. Repayments of
principal and interest are to occur at the end of the earliest month in which
sufficient funds are expected to be available for repayment. Explain how this minimum cash balance requirement would affect the monthly cash budgets prepared in part a. c
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