Case 1 1.3. dia=4 mm dia=2 mm dia=4 mm V Case 2 dia=2 mm, X 14 mm Case 3 dia=4 mm dia=8 mm dia=4 mm Conservation of Mass: Find the velocity of the flow at the outlet for each of the 3 circular tubes shown. Inlet velocity is 1 cm/s for all cases.

Elements Of Electromagnetics
7th Edition
ISBN:9780190698614
Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
ChapterMA: Math Assessment
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**Educational Content: Conservation of Mass in Fluid Dynamics**

### Task 1.3: Find the Outlet Velocity

#### Visual Explanation:
The image shows three different configurations of circular tubes. Each case presents a different scenario for analyzing fluid flow while maintaining the principle of conservation of mass. The inlet velocity for all cases is given as 1 cm/s.

#### Case Descriptions:

- **Case 1:**
  - The tube starts with a diameter of 4 mm and narrows to a diameter of 2 mm.
  - This configuration demonstrates a contraction as the fluid moves through the tube.

- **Case 2:**
  - Similar to Case 1, the tube starts with a diameter of 4 mm, narrows to 2 mm, but includes a horizontal section with a consistent diameter of 4 mm.
  - This setup shows a contraction with an additional path extension before narrowing.

- **Case 3:**
  - The tube starts and ends with a diameter of 4 mm but expands to a diameter of 8 mm at the middle section.
  - This case illustrates both contraction and expansion within the same system.

#### Objective:
Determine the outlet velocity for each configuration by applying the conservation of mass principle, assuming steady, incompressible flow. The continuity equation for incompressible fluids is used: 

\[ A_1 \cdot V_1 = A_2 \cdot V_2 \]

where \( A \) is the cross-sectional area and \( V \) is the velocity of the fluid.

**Note:** Ensure to calculate the area using the formula for the area of a circle \( A = \pi \left(\frac{d}{2}\right)^2 \) where \( d \) is the diameter.

This exercise emphasizes the application of fundamental fluid dynamics concepts and analytical skills to solve real-world engineering problems.
Transcribed Image Text:**Educational Content: Conservation of Mass in Fluid Dynamics** ### Task 1.3: Find the Outlet Velocity #### Visual Explanation: The image shows three different configurations of circular tubes. Each case presents a different scenario for analyzing fluid flow while maintaining the principle of conservation of mass. The inlet velocity for all cases is given as 1 cm/s. #### Case Descriptions: - **Case 1:** - The tube starts with a diameter of 4 mm and narrows to a diameter of 2 mm. - This configuration demonstrates a contraction as the fluid moves through the tube. - **Case 2:** - Similar to Case 1, the tube starts with a diameter of 4 mm, narrows to 2 mm, but includes a horizontal section with a consistent diameter of 4 mm. - This setup shows a contraction with an additional path extension before narrowing. - **Case 3:** - The tube starts and ends with a diameter of 4 mm but expands to a diameter of 8 mm at the middle section. - This case illustrates both contraction and expansion within the same system. #### Objective: Determine the outlet velocity for each configuration by applying the conservation of mass principle, assuming steady, incompressible flow. The continuity equation for incompressible fluids is used: \[ A_1 \cdot V_1 = A_2 \cdot V_2 \] where \( A \) is the cross-sectional area and \( V \) is the velocity of the fluid. **Note:** Ensure to calculate the area using the formula for the area of a circle \( A = \pi \left(\frac{d}{2}\right)^2 \) where \( d \) is the diameter. This exercise emphasizes the application of fundamental fluid dynamics concepts and analytical skills to solve real-world engineering problems.
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