Carbon is able to form an immense diversity of organic molecules because of carbon's O tendency to form covalent bonds. ability to bond with up to four other atoms. ability to form ionic bonds with other elements ability to bond together to form extensive, branched, or unbranched "carbon skeletons." O capacity to form single and double bonds.
Proteins, nucleic acids (RNA and DNA), carbohydrates, and lipids are among the numerous complex compounds that make up cells. The macromolecules are a subgroup of organic molecules (any carbon-containing liquid, solid, or gas) that play a critical role in life. The fundamental component for all of the macromolecules is carbon. The carbon atom has special qualities that allow it to make covalent connections with up to four different atoms, making it perfect for use as the macromolecule's core structural component, or "backbone."
The outermost electron shell of individual carbon atoms is incomplete. The first two electrons fill the inner shell, leaving four in the second shell, with an atomic number of 6 (six electrons and six protons). To satisfy the octet rule, carbon atoms can create up to four covalent bonds with other atoms.
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