Calculate the number of ATP molecules produced from the digestion and complete oxidation of 1 molecule of isomaltose considering the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle.
Upon digestion of starch, isomaltose (an isomer of maltose), one of its degradation products, is further hydrolyzed into its monosaccharide components prior to intestinal absorption and entry into the glycolysis. Calculate the number of ATP molecules produced from the digestion and complete oxidation of 1 molecule of isomaltose considering the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle.
a. Total number of glucose molecules entering glycolysis:
b. Total number of pyruvate molecules produced at the end of glycolysis:
c. Total number of mitochondrial NADH produced after pyruvate is acted upon by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex:
d. Total number of CO2 released right after the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex reaction:
e. Total number of acetyl CoA molecules entering the citric acid cycle:
f. Total number of net cytosolic ATP molecules produced right after glycolysis:
g. Total number of all NADH molecules produced after complete oxidation:
h. Total number of all FADH2 molecules produced after complete oxidation:
i. Total number of all mitochondrial GTP molecules produced:
j. Total number of net ATP molecules produced after complete oxidation:
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