Principles of Modern Chemistry 8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305079113
Author: David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler
Publisher: David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler
1 The Atom In Modern Chemistry 2 Chemical Formulas, Equations, And Reaction Yields 3 Atomic Shells And Classical Models Of Chemical Bonding 4 Introduction To Quantum Mechanics 5 Quantum Mechanics And Atomic Structure 6 Quantum Mechanics And Molecular Structure 7 Bonding In Organic Molecules 8 Bonding In Transition Metal Compounds And Coordination Complexes 9 The Gaseous State 10 Solids, Liquids, And Phase Transitions 11 Solutions 12 Thermodynamic Processes And Thermochemistry 13 Spontaneous Processes And Thermodynamic Equilibrium 14 Chemical Equilibrium 15 Acid–base Equilibria 16 Solubility And Precipitation Equilibria 17 Electrochemistry 18 Chemical Kinetics 19 Nuclear Chemistry 20 Molecular Spectroscopy And Photochemistry 21 Structure And Bonding In Solids 22 Inorganic Materials 23 Polymeric Materials And Soft Condensed Matter A Scientific Notation And Experimental Error B Si Units, Unit Conversions, And Physics For General Chemistry C Mathematics For General Chemistry Chapter3: Atomic Shells And Classical Models Of Chemical Bonding
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P: Before the element scandium was discovered in 1879, it was known as “eka-boron.” Predict the... Problem 2P Problem 3P Problem 4P Problem 5P Problem 6P: A gold nucleus is located at the origin of coordinates, and an electron is brought to a position 3 2... Problem 7P Problem 8P: A gold nucleus is located at the origin of coordinates, and a helium nucleus initially at the... Problem 9P Problem 10P Problem 11P: Use the data in Table 3.1 to plot the logarithm of ionization energy versus the number of electrons... Problem 12P: Use the data in Table 3.1 to plot the logarithm of ionization energy versus the number of electrons... Problem 13P Problem 14P Problem 15P Problem 16P Problem 17P Problem 18P Problem 19P: HF has equilibrium bond length of 0.926 A and bond dissociation energy of 565kJmol1 . Compare the... Problem 20P Problem 21P: For each of the following atoms or ions, state the total number of electrons, the number of valence... Problem 22P Problem 23P: Use the data in Figure 3.11 and Table 3.2 to calculate the energy changes (E) for the following... Problem 24P: Use the data in Figure 3.11 and Table 3.2 to calculate the energy changes (E) for the following... Problem 25P Problem 26P: In a gaseous RbF molecule, the bond length is 2.2741010m . Using data from Appendix F and making the... Problem 27P: The bond lengths of the XH bonds in NH3,PH3 , and SbH3 are 1.02, 1.42, and 1.71 Å, respectively.... Problem 28P: Arrange the following covalent diatomic molecules in order of the lengths of the bonds: BrCl, ClF,... Problem 29P: The bond length in HI(1.62) is close to the sum of the atomic radii of H (0.37 Å) and I (1.33 Å).... Problem 30P Problem 31P: Use electronegativity values to arrange the following bonds in order of decreasing polarity:... Problem 32P: Use electronegativity values to rank the bonds in the following compounds from least ionic to most... Problem 33P Problem 34P Problem 35P Problem 36P: Estimate the percent ionic character of the bond in each of the following species. All the species... Problem 37P: The percent ionic character of a bond can be approximated by the formula 16+3.52 , where is the... Problem 38P: The percent ionic character of the bonds in several interhalogen Molecules (as estimated from their... Problem 39P: Assign formal charges to all atoms in the following Lewis diagrams. (a) SO42 (b) S2O32 (c) SbF3 (d)... Problem 40P: Assign formal charges to all atoms in the following Lewis diagrams. (a) ClO4 (b) yu SO2 (c) y BrO2... Problem 41P: Determine the formal charges on all the atoms in the following Lewis diagrams. Which one would best... Problem 42P: the formal charges on all the atoms in the following Lewis diagrams. Which one would best represent... Problem 43P Problem 44P: In each of the following Lewis diagrams, Z represents a main-group element. Name the group to which... Problem 45P: Draw Lewis electron dot diagrams for the following species: (a) AsH3 ; (b) HOCl; (c) KrF+ ; (d)... Problem 46P Problem 47P Problem 48P: Acetic acid is the active ingredient of vinegar. Its chemical formula is CH3COOH , and the second... Problem 49P: Under certain conditions, the stable form of sulfur consists of rings of eight sulfur atoms. Draw... Problem 50P: White phosphorus (P4) consists of four phosphorus atoms arranged at the corners of a tetrahedron.... Problem 51P: Draw Lewis electron dot diagrams for the following species, indicating formal charges and resonance... Problem 52P: Draw Lewis electron dot diagrams for the following species, indicating formal charges and resonance... Problem 53P: Draw Lewis diagrams for the two resonance forms of the nitrite ion, NO2 . In what range do you... Problem 54P: Draw Lewis diagrams for the three resonance forms of the carbonate ion, CO32- . In what range do you... Problem 55P: Methyl isocyanate, which was involved in the disaster in Bhopal, India, in 1984, has the chemical... Problem 56P Problem 57P: Draw Lewis diagrams for the following compounds. In the formula the symbol of the central atom is... Problem 58P: Draw Lewis diagrams for the following ions. In the formula the symbol of the central atom is given... Problem 59P Problem 60P Problem 61P: For each of the following molecules or molecular ions, give the steric number, sketch and name the... Problem 62P: For each of the following molecules or molecular ions, give the steric number, sketch and name the... Problem 63P: Give an example of a molecule or ion having a formula of each of the following types and structures.... Problem 64P: Give an example of a molecule or ion having a formula of each of the following types and structures.... Problem 65P: For each of the answers in Problem 59, state whether the species is polar or nonpolar. Problem 66P: For each of the answers in Problem 60, state whether the species is polar or nonpolar. Problem 67P Problem 68P: Mixing SbCl3 and GaCl3 in a 1:1 molar ratio (using liquid sulfur dioxide as a solvent) gives a solid... Problem 69P: (a) Use the VSEPR theory to predict the structure of the NNO molecule. (b) The substance NNO has a... Problem 70P: Ozone (O3) has a nonzero dipole moment. In the molecule of O3 , one of the oxygen atoms is directly... Problem 71P: Assign oxidation numbers to the atoms in each of the following species:... Problem 72P Problem 73P Problem 74P Problem 75P Problem 76P Problem 77P Problem 78P Problem 79P Problem 80P Problem 81P Problem 82P Problem 83P Problem 84P Problem 85AP Problem 86AP Problem 87AP: At large interatomic separations, an alkali halide molecule MX has a lower energy as two neutral... Problem 88AP Problem 89AP Problem 90AP: Two possible Lewis diagrams for sulfine (H2CSO) are (a) Compute the formal charges on all atoms. (b)... Problem 91AP: There is persuasive evidence for the brief existence of the unstable molecule OPCl. (a) Draw a Lewis... Problem 92AP: The compound SF3N has been synthesized. (a) Draw the Lewis diagram of this molecule, supposing that... Problem 93AP Problem 94AP: The molecular ion S3N3 has the cyclic structure All SN bonds are equivalent. (a) Give six... Problem 95AP Problem 96AP Problem 97AP Problem 98AP Problem 99AP: A stable triatomic molecule can be formed that contains one atom each of nitrogen, sulfur, and... Problem 100AP: The gaseous potassium chloride molecule has a measured dipole moment of 10.3 D, which indicates that... Problem 101AP: (a) Predict the geometry of the SbCl52 ion, using the VSEPR method. (b) The ion SbCl63 is prepared... Problem 102AP Problem 103AP: Predict the arrangement of the atoms about the sulfur atom in F4SPO , assuming that double-bonded... Problem 104AP Problem 105AP Problem 106AP Problem 107AP Problem 108AP Problem 109AP: (a) Determine the oxidation number of lead in each of the following oxides: PbO,PbO2,Pb2O3,Pb3O4 .... Problem 110AP Problem 111CP Problem 112CP Problem 113CP: A compound is being tested for use as a rocket propellant. Analysis shows that it contains 18.54% F,... Problem 114CP Problem 10P
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Calculate the electron affinity of Cl from the following
Definition Definition Change in energy of a neutral gaseous atom when an electron is added to the atom to form a negative ion.
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