Calculate the efficiency of the reversible cycle in figure for an ideal monoatomic gas where the transformation from 1->2 is described by the equation P² V = A= constant (Assume V2 = 4 V1).
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- Consider 4.00 mol of an ideal gas with a constant‑volume molar specific heat of 12.5 J/(mol·K), an initial temperature of 26.8 ∘C, and an initial pressure of 5.710×104 Pa. The state of the gas is then changed to a final temperature of 48.1 ∘C and a final pressure of 3.090×104 Pa. What is the change in the entropy Δ? of the gas during this process? The gas constant is 8.31 J/(mol·K).Consider a monatomic ideal gas operating through the Carnot cycle. The initial volume of the gas is V1 = 160 × 10-3 m3. During the isothermal compression step, the volume of gas is reduced by a factor of 4. In the adiabatic heating step, the temperature of the gas is doubled. What is the volume at point 3, in cubic meters? a. During the isothermal compression step, the volume of gas is reduced by a factor of 4. In the adiabatic heating step, the temperature of the gas is doubled. What is the volume at point 3, in cubic meters? b. What is the volume at point 4, in cubic meters?Two moles of an ideal gas undergo an irreversible isothermal expansion fromVa=100 liters to Vb=300 liters at T=300K.(a) What is the entropy change for this process?(b) What is the Gibbs free energy change?(c) Is this process spontaneous or not? Explain your answer.
- Analyze a Carnot cycle for an ideal gas, and show explicitly using the equation ofstate of the ideal gas and the First Law of Thermodynamics that:Q1Q2=T1T2: (1)where Q1 is the heat rejected by the system at the lower temperature, and Q2 is theheat added to the system at the higher temperature. Note that both Q1 and Q2 aredefined as positive here. You should evaluate the heat added to and rejected by thesystem along the isothermal paths of the Carnot cycle.What is the entropy change for 3.20 mol of an ideal monatomic gas undergoing a reversible increase in temperature from 380 K to 425 K at constant volume?Topic: Thermodyamics (also included in Chem). Please explain what the Carnot cycle or a heat engine is about step by step.
- One mole of an ideal gas is used as the working substance of an engine operating in the cycle shown in the figure below. BC and DA processes are reversible adiabatic.a) Is the gas monoatomic, diatomic or triatomic?b) What is the efficiency and engine?A certain gasoline engine is modeled as a monatomic ideal gas undergoing an Otto cycle, represented by the p-V diagram shown in the figure. The initial pressure, volume, and temperature are p1 = 1.05 × 105 Pa, V1 = 0.035 m3, and T1 = 290 K, respectively. a)The first step in the Otto cycle is adiabatic compression. Enter an expression for the work performed on the gas during the first step, in terms of V1, V2, and p1. b) Calculate the temperature of the gas, in kelvins, at the end of the first step. c)The fourth and last step in the Otto cycle is isochoric cooling to the initial conditions. Find the amount of heat, in joules, that is discharged by the gas during the fourth step.An engineer decided to design a hybrid engine half-way between the Carnot and Otto Cycles based on using 35 moles of a diatomic gas. It features (a) an adiabatic expansion for power, (b) an isothermal compression to reset, and (c) an isovolumetric temperature injection. Some of the key state values are given on the P-V chart for the transition points between the processes. What is the 1) net work performed by the engine, 2) the amount of heat injected the isovolumetric temperature increase (QH), and 3) based on these values, what is the efficiency of the engine?Solve for other state variables as necessary How much more efficient would a Carnot engine be acting between these same temperatures?