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Cadmium, a heavy metal, is toxic to animals. (The chemical abbreviation for Cadmium is Cd.) Mush- rooms, however, are able to absorb and accumulate cadmium at high concentrations. The Czech and Slovak governments have set a safety limit for cadmium in dry vegetables at 0.5 part per million (ppm). M. Melgar et. al. measured the cadmium levels in a random sample of the edible mushroom Boletus pinicola and published the results in "Influence of Some Factors in Toxicity and Accumulation of Cd from Edible Wild Macrofungi in NW Spain (Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Vol. B33(4), pp. 439-455). The data obtained by the researchers are below. Past data suggest that that Cd in the population of Boletus pinicola to be normally distributed. 0.24 0.59 0.62 0.16 0.77 1.33 0.92 0.19 0.33 0. 25 0.59 0.32 (Note: the number 0.5 ppm is NOT needed anywhere in this problem! It will be used next week! (a) Find the sample mean, sample standard deviation and sample size. Use correct notation & include units. Round to 4 decimal places for now. (b) A research team would like to find a 95% confidence interval for the population mean Cadmium concentration in Boletus pinicola. Determine which confidence interval method applies and check it satisfies all 3 conditions.

Cadmium, a heavy metal, is toxic to animals. (The chemical abbreviation for Cadmium is Cd.) Mush- rooms, however, are able to absorb and accumulate cadmium at high concentrations. The Czech and Slovak governments have set a safety limit for cadmium in dry vegetables at 0.5 part per million (ppm). M. Melgar et. al. measured the cadmium levels in a random sample of the edible mushroom Boletus pinicola and published the results in "Influence of Some Factors in Toxicity and Accumulation of Cd from Edible Wild Macrofungi in NW Spain (Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Vol. B33(4), pp. 439-455). The data obtained by the researchers are below. Past data suggest that that Cd in the population of Boletus pinicola to be normally distributed. 0.24 0.59 0.62 0.16 0.77 1.33 0.92 0.19 0.33 0. 25 0.59 0.32 (Note: the number 0.5 ppm is NOT needed anywhere in this problem! It will be used next week! (a) Find the sample mean, sample standard deviation and sample size. Use correct notation & include units. Round to 4 decimal places for now. (b) A research team would like to find a 95% confidence interval for the population mean Cadmium concentration in Boletus pinicola. Determine which confidence interval method applies and check it satisfies all 3 conditions.

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
6th Edition
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:Amos Gilat
Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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**Cadmium Concentration in Boletus pinicola: Statistical Analysis** Cadmium, a heavy metal, is toxic to animals. Mushrooms, however, can absorb and accumulate cadmium at high concentrations. The Czech and Slovak governments have set a safety limit for cadmium in dry vegetables at 0.5 part per million (ppm). M. Melgar et al. measured the cadmium levels in a random sample of the edible mushroom *Boletus pinicola* and published the results in "Influence of Some Factors in Toxicity and Accumulation of Cd from Edible Wild Macrofungi in NW Spain" (*Journal of Environmental Science and Health*, Vol. B33(4), pp. 439-455). The data obtained by the researchers are provided below. Past data suggest that the cadmium in the population of *Boletus pinicola* is normally distributed. Data (ppm): 0.24, 0.59, 0.62, 0.16, 0.77, 1.33, 0.92, 0.19, 0.33, 0.25, 0.59, 0.32 (Note: The number 0.5 ppm is NOT needed anywhere in this problem! It will be used next week!) Tasks: (a) **Calculate Sample Statistics** Find the sample mean, sample standard deviation, and sample size. Use the correct notation and include units. Round to four decimal places for now. (b) **Determine the Confidence Interval Method** A research team would like to find a 95% confidence interval for the population mean cadmium concentration in *Boletus pinicola*. Determine which confidence interval method applies and check that it satisfies all three conditions. (c) **Find the Margin of Error** Find the margin of error. Round your answer to four decimal places for now. - Show your work by displaying the formulas you used with the numbers plugged in. - Additionally, draw a fully labeled graph representing the value of \( z_c \) or \( t_c \) you used to find the margin of error and include the syntax you used to calculate that value of \( z_c \) or \( t_c \). **Graph Explanation:** The graph is a bell curve representing a normal distribution, which illustrates the confidence interval. The horizontal axis represents possible values of cadmium concentration. The symmetrical shape indicates that the
Transcribed Image Text:**Cadmium Concentration in Boletus pinicola: Statistical Analysis** Cadmium, a heavy metal, is toxic to animals. Mushrooms, however, can absorb and accumulate cadmium at high concentrations. The Czech and Slovak governments have set a safety limit for cadmium in dry vegetables at 0.5 part per million (ppm). M. Melgar et al. measured the cadmium levels in a random sample of the edible mushroom *Boletus pinicola* and published the results in "Influence of Some Factors in Toxicity and Accumulation of Cd from Edible Wild Macrofungi in NW Spain" (*Journal of Environmental Science and Health*, Vol. B33(4), pp. 439-455). The data obtained by the researchers are provided below. Past data suggest that the cadmium in the population of *Boletus pinicola* is normally distributed. Data (ppm): 0.24, 0.59, 0.62, 0.16, 0.77, 1.33, 0.92, 0.19, 0.33, 0.25, 0.59, 0.32 (Note: The number 0.5 ppm is NOT needed anywhere in this problem! It will be used next week!) Tasks: (a) **Calculate Sample Statistics** Find the sample mean, sample standard deviation, and sample size. Use the correct notation and include units. Round to four decimal places for now. (b) **Determine the Confidence Interval Method** A research team would like to find a 95% confidence interval for the population mean cadmium concentration in *Boletus pinicola*. Determine which confidence interval method applies and check that it satisfies all three conditions. (c) **Find the Margin of Error** Find the margin of error. Round your answer to four decimal places for now. - Show your work by displaying the formulas you used with the numbers plugged in. - Additionally, draw a fully labeled graph representing the value of \( z_c \) or \( t_c \) you used to find the margin of error and include the syntax you used to calculate that value of \( z_c \) or \( t_c \). **Graph Explanation:** The graph is a bell curve representing a normal distribution, which illustrates the confidence interval. The horizontal axis represents possible values of cadmium concentration. The symmetrical shape indicates that the
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