Buggs-Off Corporation produces and sells a line of mosquito repellants that are sold usually all year round. The product sells at $100 per box. The following cost data has been prepared for its estimated upper and lower limits of activity for the year ended December 31, 2020. Lower Limit Upper Limit 4,000 Production (# of boxes) Production Costs: Direct Materials . Direct Labour .. Overhead: 6,000 $90,000 $60,000 80,000 120,000 Indirect Materials. Indirect Labour .. Depreciation Selling & Administrative Expenses: Sales Salaries ... Office Salaries.. Advertising . 25,000 37,500 40,000 50,000 20,000 20,000 50,000 65,000 30,000 30,000 45,000 45,000 Other 15.000 20,000 Total $365.000 $477,500
Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis
Cost Volume Profit (CVP) analysis is a cost accounting method that analyses the effect of fluctuating cost and volume on the operating profit. Also known as break-even analysis, CVP determines the break-even point for varying volumes of sales and cost structures. This information helps the managers make economic decisions on a short-term basis. CVP analysis is based on many assumptions. Sales price, variable costs, and fixed costs per unit are assumed to be constant. The analysis also assumes that all units produced are sold and costs get impacted due to changes in activities. All costs incurred by the company like administrative, manufacturing, and selling costs are identified as either fixed or variable.
Marginal Costing
Marginal cost is defined as the change in the total cost which takes place when one additional unit of a product is manufactured. The marginal cost is influenced only by the variations which generally occur in the variable costs because the fixed costs remain the same irrespective of the output produced. The concept of marginal cost is used for product pricing when the customers want the lowest possible price for a certain number of orders. There is no accounting entry for marginal cost and it is only used by the management for taking effective decisions.
c) Assuming sales of 5,000 units, prepare a contribution margin income statement for the year ended December 31, 2020, detailing the components of total variable costs and total fixed costs, and clearly showing contribution and net income.
d) Assuming sales of 5,000 units, calculate Buggs-Off break-even point and margin of safety in units and sales dollars.
e) Recompute the break-even point in units, assuming that variable costs increased by 20% and fixed costs are reduced by $50,625. How will this impact the margin of safety ratio?
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