Briefly describe what is signal amplification process using cAMP as the second messenger for example
Signal amplification : It is defined as an increase in the intensity of a signal through networks of intracellular reactions .
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When one signal activated receptor activates a protein, that protein activates another protein and so on.
Protein phosphorylation a common mode of regulation and signal transduction in cells regulated by protein kinases.
Signal transduction benefits the cell by eliciting a coordinated response that can release hundred of millions of molecules.
Signaling of cell occurs in 3 stages :
1 Reception 2 Transduction 3 Response
cAMP : It is a second messenger , used for intracellular signal transduction , such as transferring into cells the effects of hormones like glucagon and adrenaline , which cannot pass through the plasma membrane . It is also involved in activation of protein kinases.
cAMP regulates many aspects of cellular functions for example enzymes involved in energy metabolism , cell division and cell differentiation , ion transport , ion channels and the contractile proteins in smooth muscles .
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