Br O...H-N N. н N-H. N Sugar Sugar н 5-bromouracil Adenine (keto form) Br 0-H O N. н 'N..H-N Sugar Sugar O...H-N 5-bromouracil Guanine (епol form) (a) Base palring of 5BU (a thymine analog) with adenine or guanine 5' A:T 5' DNA replication G:C- A 5BU 5' DNA replication G:5BU 5' Incorporated during DNA replication GorA 5BU (b) How 5BU causes a mutation in a base palr during DNA replication FIGURE 19.13 Base pairing of 5-bromouracil and its ability to cause mutation. (a) 5BU is a thy mine analog. In its keto form, 5BU bonds with adenine; in its enol form, it bonds with guanine. (b) During DNA replication, guanine may be incorporated into a daughter strand by pairing with 5BU. After a second round of replication, the DNA con- tains a GC base pair instead of the original AT base pair.

Q: What is spontaneous mutation and how does it occur during Stress-Induced Mutagenesis.

A: The mutation is the sudden genetical changes that occurs in the DNA sequence and ultimately can or…

Q: list of mutgenes caused by transversions?

A: Mutation is any  change or demage  to DNA gene which indirectly alters the forms of proteins being…

Q: Why is it preferable for the delta G of the hairpin loop to be more positive in Primer desgin?

A: Hairpin loops are a common secondary structure that can form in single-stranded DNA or RNA…

Q: 1. a)What would happen if the aminoacyl tRNA synthetase responsible for charging alanine tRNAs also…

A: The polymerization of amino acids according to the codons on mRNA to form proteins is known as…

Q: What is the molecular characteristic and phenotype of the silent mutation in multidrug resisitent…

A: Silent mutation are the mutations in DNA which do not have an phenotypic effect on the organism.…

Q: What are the best available databases for identification of alternatively spliced isoforms in human…

A: Genome sequencing means to determine the whole DNA sequence of the particular organism like the…

Q: Do you consider TEs to be mutagens? Explain.

A: Mutation is defined as sudden inheritable change that occurs in the DNA sequence. Mutation occurs…

Q: How does homologous recombination differ from site-specific recombination?

A: Recombination is a process by which pieces of DNA are broken and recombined to produce new…

Q: describe the telomere shortening problem and how it is solved by telomerase?

A: Telomeres are repetitive sequences of DNA (none coding) strand that protect the chromosome from…

Q: What is the advantage of homology-directed repair (HDR) ?

A: One of the most vital cellular processes called homology-directed repair (HDR) is capable for fixing…

Q: How is methylation protective against restriction endonucleases?

A: DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism where a methyl group is transfered onto C5 position of…

Q: What are site specific recombinases? Distinguish between serine and tyrosine recombinases.

A: The process that involves exchange of genetic material between same or different organisms that…

Q: Why did we obtain the sequence from the forward primers separate from the reverse primer?

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a hereditary molecule that passes genetic information from one…

Q: What are the common causes of failed genomic DNA extraction in bacterial cells?

A: DNA extraction is the process by which desirable DNA can be extracted from a particular cell.

Q: Vhat is Proteomic Phenotype and its connection to COVID-19?

A: The quick development of new diagnostic and treatment procedures has been necessitated by the…

Q: What is claudin16 gene

A: Claudin 16 is a protein which belongs to the family of claudin proteins, it is encoded by the CLDN16…

Q: In your own words, explain the term transposon tagging.

A: Transposons or jumping genes are the sequences of DNA that are able to change their position within…

Q: How to identify all the somatic mutationswithin tumors ?

A: A somatic mutation is a modification within the desoxyribonucleic acid sequence of a somatic cell of…

Q: How long is the CFTR gene and what are the first 20 nucleotides of this gene

A: CFTR Gene- CFTR is a Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. It is a membrane protein…

Q: How is telomerases related to ageing? How Can telomerase- related ageing be addressed…

A: Humans lose physiological and psychological function as they age, which is a normal process. The…

Q: Is the organism causing COVID-19 living or non-living? why? Describe the molecular and cellular…

A: The viruses, bacteria and parasites are responsible for causing different diseases which in human…

Q: How do alkylating agents, nitrous acid, and hydroxylamine produce mutations?

A: The mutagens are the agents that are responsible for causing the genetic mutations. It is classified…

Q: How did Messelson and Weigle demonstrate recombination?

A: In 1961, Messelson and Weigle have experimented with the recombination processes in the lambda…

Q: When disrupting a mouse gene by knockout, why is it desirable to breed mice until offspring…

A: In knockout animal, a targeting vector having a gene of interest is introduced into the cells. The…

Q: Name TWO functions of the 3’UTR.

A: The eukaryotic mRNA undergoes massive processing by post-transcriptional modifications that includes…

Q: What do polycistronic transcripts mean?

A: Formation of DNA from DNA is called replication, while formation of RNA from DNA is termed…

Cancer Therapy