Bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme that normally operates in the intestines of cattle and has the function of breaking down a variety of phosphorylated compounds found in their food. Alkaline phosphatase can hydrolyze the artificial substrate p-nitrophenylphosphate (p-NPP). PNPP, which is colorless, turns yellow when de-phosphorylated by alkaline phosphatase to form the product, p-nitrophenol (p-NP). This reaction is summarized as follows: alkaline p-NPP (colorless) + H20 p-NP (yellow) + inorganic phosphate phosphatase
Enzyme kinetics
In biochemistry, enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts. Catalysis is the addition of a catalyst to a chemical reaction to speed up the pace of the reaction. Catalysis can be categorized as either homogeneous or heterogeneous, depending on whether the catalysts are distributed in the same phase as that of the reactants. Enzymes are an essential part of the cell because, without them, many organic processes would slow down and thus will affect the processes that are important for cell survival and sustenance.
Regulation of Enzymes
A substance that acts as a catalyst to regulate the reaction rate in the living organism's metabolic pathways without itself getting altered is an enzyme. Most of the biological reactions and metabolic pathways in the living systems are carried out by enzymes. They are specific for their works and work in particular conditions. It maintains the best possible rate of reaction in the most stable state. The enzymes have distinct properties as they can proceed with the reaction in any direction, their particular binding sites, pH specificity, temperature specificity required in very few amounts.
Alkaline phosphatase had an optimal temperature of 37°C. If you tested the enzyme at 37°C, 50°C, and 80°C, what would be your expected reaction rates? Graph your expected results (label your axes and lines)
An enzyme is active within a narrow range of temperature. The temperature at which an enzyme shows its highest activity is called optimum temperature. It generally corresponds to the body temperature of warm blooded animals, e.g., 37°C in human beings.
Enzyme activity decreases above and below this temperature. Enzyme becomes inactive below minimum temperature and beyond maximum temperature. Low temperature preserves the enzyme in inactive state. Therefore it is used in preservation of foods inside cold storages.
High temperature destroys enzymes by causing their denaturation. This occurs st 50°C or so. In between thr minimum and maximum temperatures, the reaction velocity doubles for every rise in 10°C. A time factor appears beyond optimum temperature. Here there is a rise in velocity for a short time followed by a sharp fall.
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