### Electrophilic Substitution Reactions of Aromatic CompoundsIn both series below, three aromatic compounds undergo the electrophilic substitution reactions shown.#### Series 11. **Compound A**: Benzene with two fluorine atoms ortho to each other (1,2-difluorobenzene).2. **Compound B**: Benzene with a methyl group (toluene).3. **Compound C**: Benzene with an ethoxy group (phenoxy - where R = propyl; i.e., -OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃).**Reaction: Friedel-Crafts Alkylation**- Which compound (A, B, or C) reacts the fastest? - Which compound (A, B, or C) reacts the slowest? #### Series 21. **Compound A**: Benzene with a nitro group (nitrobenzene).2. **Compound B**: Benzene with two nitro groups meta to each other (1,3-dinitrobenzene).3. **Compound C**: Benzene with two nitro groups ortho to each other (1,2-dinitrobenzene).**Reaction: Nitration**- Which compound (A, B, or C) reacts the fastest? - Which compound (A, B, or C) reacts the slowest? For each reaction, choose the appropriate compound that reacts the fastest and the slowest from the given dropdown menu options. **Note:**- **Friedel-Crafts Alkylation** refers to the reaction wherein an alkyl group is introduced to an aromatic ring using a strong Lewis acid like AlCl₃.- **Nitration** typically involves adding a nitro group to an aromatic ring using a mixture of concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids.These reactions help elucidate the effect of substituents on the reactivity of aromatic rings in electrophilic substitution reactions. ### Electrophilic Substitution Reaction: BrominationIn the following exercises, you will analyze the reactivity of various aromatic compounds undergoing an electrophilic substitution reaction known as bromination. The differences in reactivity among the compounds can be attributed to the substituents attached to the benzene ring.#### Series 1:The first series consists of three aromatic compounds:A. Benzene ring with a chlorine (Cl) substituent.B. Benzene ring with an amine (NH₂) substituent.C. Benzene ring with no substituent.**Reaction: Bromination**1. **Which compound (A, B, or C) reacts the fastest?** (Dropdown selection)2. **Which compound (A, B, or C) reacts the slowest?** (Dropdown selection)#### Series 2:The second series consists of three different aromatic compounds:A. Benzene ring with a diethylamino (N(CH₂CH₃)₂) substituent.B. Benzene ring with a diethylamino (N(CH₂CH₃)₂) substituent.C. Benzene ring with a cyano (CN) substituent.**Reaction: Bromination**1. **Which compound (A, B, or C) reacts the fastest?** (Dropdown selection)2. **Which compound (A, B, or C) reacts the slowest?** (Dropdown selection)---### Explanation of Reactivity:- **Electrophilic Substitution Reactions** are affected by the substituents on the aromatic ring.- Bulky electron-donating groups typically increase the reactivity of the benzene ring towards electrophiles.- Electron-withdrawing groups decrease the ring's reactivity towards electrophiles. Utilize your understanding of the activating and deactivating effects of substituents to determine the relative rates of reaction for the compounds in the given series. **Note:** The dropdown selections should be used to test your hypothesis about the reactivity trends.

Answered: Image /qna-images/answer/ff4d2f80-b40e-48c9-a67b-ef6d7c6b2bdd.jpg

both series below the three aromatic compounds illustrated undergo the electrophilic substitution reaction shown Reaction: Bromination Which compound (A, B, or C) reacts the fastest? ✔ Which compound (A, B, or C) reacts the slowest? ✔ CH₂CH₂ CH₂CH₂ NHỊCH, CH₂CH₂ CN A Reaction: Bromination Which compound (A, B, or C) reacts the fastest? ✔ Which compound (A, B, or C) reacts the slowest?[

both series below the three aromatic compounds illustrated undergo the electrophilic substitution reaction shown Reaction: Bromination Which compound (A, B, or C) reacts the fastest? ✔ Which compound (A, B, or C) reacts the slowest? ✔ CH₂CH₂ CH₂CH₂ NHỊCH, CH₂CH₂ CN A Reaction: Bromination Which compound (A, B, or C) reacts the fastest? ✔ Which compound (A, B, or C) reacts the slowest?[

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Question

### Electrophilic Substitution Reactions of Aromatic Compounds

In both series below, three aromatic compounds undergo the electrophilic substitution reactions shown.

#### Series 1

1. **Compound A**: Benzene with two fluorine atoms ortho to each other (1,2-difluorobenzene).
2. **Compound B**: Benzene with a methyl group (toluene).
3. **Compound C**: Benzene with an ethoxy group (phenoxy - where R = propyl; i.e., -OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃).

**Reaction: Friedel-Crafts Alkylation**
- Which compound (A, B, or C) reacts the fastest?
- Which compound (A, B, or C) reacts the slowest?

#### Series 2

1. **Compound A**: Benzene with a nitro group (nitrobenzene).
2. **Compound B**: Benzene with two nitro groups meta to each other (1,3-dinitrobenzene).
3. **Compound C**: Benzene with two nitro groups ortho to each other (1,2-dinitrobenzene).

**Reaction: Nitration**
- Which compound (A, B, or C) reacts the fastest?
- Which compound (A, B, or C) reacts the slowest?

For each reaction, choose the appropriate compound that reacts the fastest and the slowest from the given dropdown menu options.

**Note:**

- **Friedel-Crafts Alkylation** refers to the reaction wherein an alkyl group is introduced to an aromatic ring using a strong Lewis acid like AlCl₃.
- **Nitration** typically involves adding a nitro group to an aromatic ring using a mixture of concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids.

These reactions help elucidate the effect of substituents on the reactivity of aromatic rings in electrophilic substitution reactions.

### Electrophilic Substitution Reaction: Bromination

In the following exercises, you will analyze the reactivity of various aromatic compounds undergoing an electrophilic substitution reaction known as bromination. The differences in reactivity among the compounds can be attributed to the substituents attached to the benzene ring.

#### Series 1:
The first series consists of three aromatic compounds:
A. Benzene ring with a chlorine (Cl) substituent.
B. Benzene ring with an amine (NH₂) substituent.
C. Benzene ring with no substituent.

**Reaction: Bromination**

1. **Which compound (A, B, or C) reacts the fastest?** (Dropdown selection)
2. **Which compound (A, B, or C) reacts the slowest?** (Dropdown selection)

#### Series 2:
The second series consists of three different aromatic compounds:
A. Benzene ring with a diethylamino (N(CH₂CH₃)₂) substituent.
B. Benzene ring with a diethylamino (N(CH₂CH₃)₂) substituent.
C. Benzene ring with a cyano (CN) substituent.

**Reaction: Bromination**

1. **Which compound (A, B, or C) reacts the fastest?** (Dropdown selection)
2. **Which compound (A, B, or C) reacts the slowest?** (Dropdown selection)

---

### Explanation of Reactivity:
- **Electrophilic Substitution Reactions** are affected by the substituents on the aromatic ring.
- Bulky electron-donating groups typically increase the reactivity of the benzene ring towards electrophiles.
- Electron-withdrawing groups decrease the ring's reactivity towards electrophiles.

Utilize your understanding of the activating and deactivating effects of substituents to determine the relative rates of reaction for the compounds in the given series.

**Note:** The dropdown selections should be used to test your hypothesis about the reactivity trends.

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