Black-and-white photographic film is coated with silver halides. Because silver is expensive, the manufacturer monitors the Ag⁺ content of the waste stream, [Ag⁺]ᵥᵥₐₛₜₑ, from the plantwith an Ag-selective electrode at 25°C. A stream of known Ag⁺ concentration, [Ag⁺](standard), is passed over the electrode inturn with the waste stream and the data recorded by a computer.(a) Write the equations relating the nonstandard cell potential tothe standard cell potential and [Ag⁺] for each solution.(b) Combine these into a single equation to find [Ag⁺]ᵥᵥₐₛₜₑ.(c) Rewrite the equation from part (b) to find [Ag⁺]ᵥᵥₐₛₜₑ in ng/L.(d) If Eᵥᵥₐₛₜₑ is 0.003 V higher than E(standard), and the standard so-lution contains 1000. ng/L, what is [Ag⁺]ᵥᵥₐₛₜₑ?(e) Rewrite the equation in part (b) to find [Ag⁺]ᵥᵥₐₛₜₑ for a sys-tem in which T changes and Tᵥᵥₐₛₜₑ and T(standard) may be different.
Black-and-white photographic film is coated with silver halides. Because silver is expensive, the manufacturer monitors the Ag⁺ content of the waste stream, [Ag⁺]ᵥᵥₐₛₜₑ, from the plantwith an Ag-selective electrode at 25°C. A stream of known Ag⁺ concentration, [Ag⁺](standard), is passed over the electrode inturn with the waste stream and the data recorded by a computer.(a) Write the equations relating the nonstandard cell potential tothe standard cell potential and [Ag⁺] for each solution.(b) Combine these into a single equation to find [Ag⁺]ᵥᵥₐₛₜₑ.(c) Rewrite the equation from part (b) to find [Ag⁺]ᵥᵥₐₛₜₑ in ng/L.(d) If Eᵥᵥₐₛₜₑ is 0.003 V higher than E(standard), and the standard so-lution contains 1000. ng/L, what is [Ag⁺]ᵥᵥₐₛₜₑ?(e) Rewrite the equation in part (b) to find [Ag⁺]ᵥᵥₐₛₜₑ for a sys-tem in which T changes and Tᵥᵥₐₛₜₑ and T(standard) may be different.
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