Below is an image of how biotin is used in the reaction that converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate, an important metabolic reaction.The overall reaction is:Bicarbonate + ATP + pyruvate --> Oxaloacetate + ADPWhich statement below is correct regarding biotin?[Diagram explanation]The diagram illustrates the enzymatic reaction that involves biotin. The key stages depicted in the diagram include:1. **Bicarbonate** (depicted by a dotted structure with HO-C(=O)-O) initially.2. **Biotin** binds with the enzyme (denoted as Enz) and activates it.3. **ATP** is used, converting to **ADP** releasing energy (ATP + ADP depicted).4. The enzyme-biotin complex interacts with pyruvate (Enol pyruvate, shown with its chemical structure CH3-C(=O)-C(=O)-O).5. Finally, the product **Oxaloacetate** is formed (COO-C(=O)-CH2-C(=O)-O).The accompanying diagrams visualize the chemical transformations and enzyme interactions that facilitate this reaction.Which statement below is correct regarding biotin?- a. Biotin is a cofactor that serves as a reducing agent and is important for the generation of collagen.- b. Biotin is a prosthetic group where the nitrogen serves as an electrophile and bicarbonate is a nucleophile.- c. Biotin is a cofactor that is covalently linked to the enzyme; the enzyme is a ligase.---This explanation is designed to aid understanding of the role biotin plays in this essential biochemical pathway.

Biotin, which is also referred to as vitamin B7 or vitamin H, is a water-soluble vitamin categorized…

Answered: Below is an image of how biotin is used…

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter27: Metabolic Integration And Organ Specialization

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 20P: Figure 27.3 illustrates the response of R (ATP-regenerating) and U (ATP-utilizing) enzymes to energy...

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Decylic acid is a saturated fatty acid that occurs naturally in coconut oil and palm kernel oil. Calculate the net ATP yield when decylic acid undergoes complete B oxidation. The formula of decylic acid is shown below: (Given: The oxidation of one NADH yields 2.5 ATP; the oxidation of one FADH2 yields 1.5 ATP; and the oxidation of one acetyl CoA yields 10 ATP.) O 50 ATP O 52 ATP 66 ATP OH O 64 ATP
In the degradation of glycogen, the purpose of the debranching enzyme is to remove the last four glucose molecules from branches structure of glycogen. It does this by catalyzing three different reactions. Use the equations below to answer parts a-c. Synthesis of α(1,6) link ΔG = +7.1 kJ Hydrolysis of α(1,4) link ΔG = ─15.5 kJ a)What are the three chemical reactions performed during the removal of the last four glucose molecules of the branching structure of glycogen? b) Calculate ΔG for each of the three reactions described in part a. c) Now calculate the overall energy change for the net reaction carried out by this enzyme. d) Why is this reaction favorable?
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The complete oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA to carbon dioxide and water is presented by the overall equation: Palmitoyl-CoA + 23O2 + 108Pi + 108 ATP + 23H2O → CoA + 16 CO2 + 108 ATP + 23H2O Water is also produced in the reaction ADP + Pi → ATP + H2O But not included as a product in the overall equation. Why?
Consider the following mechanism: What kind of reaction is occurring during this step of glycolysis? What metabolite is in Box 1? What metabolite is in Box 2? What metabolite is in Box 3? What enzyme catalyzes this reaction? Circle and label one place on the mechanism where covalent catalysis is occurring. Suggest an amino acid that could fill the role of residue “A” in the mechanism above and draw its structure at pH 7.4. Suggest an amino acid that could fill the role of residue “B” in the mechanism above and draw its structure at pH 7.4. Under standard conditions, this reaction is unfavorable (DG¢° = 23.8 kJ/mol). What conditions in the cell allow for the actual free energy change to be lower (DG » 0), making the reaction readily reversible? Explain your answer. *please help and explain as well as you can*
The following diagram shows reaction curves for aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) with carbamoylphosphate and different concentrations of aspartate, in the absence of ATP (curve 1) and presence of ATP (curve 2). What do the shapes of the curves tell us about the ATCase enzyme? 2 جر [aspartate] It binds substrate through a sequential mechanism. It binds substte cooperatively. It obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics. It binds substrate through a concerted mechanism.
One of the examples that we have used to illustrate the concept of equilibrium is the isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) to fructose-6-phosphate (F6P), which is the second step in g ycolysis. Draw a graph to show how the reaction Gibbs energy varies with the fraction fof F6P in solution.Label the regions of the graph that correspond to the formation of F6P and G6P being spontaneous, respectively.
In step 2 of the fatty acid biosynthesis, the acetyl-S-synthase condenses the acetyl group (C2) with a malonyl-ACP (C3) and subsequent decarboxylation to acetoacetyl-ACP (C4). Give the molecule [A] after condensation and before decarboxylation in the reaction below. synthase (A] ACP + CO2 + HS synthase ACP HO S.
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In order for fatty acids to enter the mitochondria to be catabolized via β-oxidation, they must first be reacted with coenzyme A (reaction ①). Use the equations below to answer parts a-c. ① Fatty Acid + CoA → Fatty Acid—CoA ΔG = ??? ② ATP → AMP + PPi ΔG = ─45.6 kJ/mol ③ PPi → 2 Pi ΔG = ─19.2 kJ/mol ④ Fatty Acid + ATP + CoA → FA—CoA + AMP + 2 Pi ΔG = ─34 kJ/mol a) Calculate ΔG for reaction 1. b) Suppose the formation of the fatty acid--CoA proceeded via the reaction of ATP to ADP instead of AMP. Calculate ΔG for reaction 5. ① Fatty Acid + CoA → Fatty Acid—CoA ΔG = from part a ② ATP → ADP + Pi ΔG = ─30.5 kJ/mol ⑤ Fatty Acid + ATP + CoA → FA—CoA + ADP + Pi ΔG = ??? kJ c) So why does the…
Which class of enzymes catalyzes the following reactions? CH2- CH2- CH2 H2- C- CH2 AST CH2-C CH2 CH-NH + C=O + C=0 + CH-NH ČO0 Čo0 ČO0 ČO0" Aspartate Oxoglutarate Oxaloacetate Glutamate Select one: a. Oxidoreductase O b. Isomerase O c. Ligase d. Transferase

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