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BASED ON THIS TEXT: 1. Identify the turning point associated in this document set. 2. Identify one cause and effect of this turning point.

BASED ON THIS TEXT: 1. Identify the turning point associated in this document set. 2. Identify one cause and effect of this turning point.

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BASED ON THIS TEXT: 1. Identify the turning point associated in this document set. 2. Identify one cause and effect of this turning point.
--- **DOC A - A Little History of the World: Galileo** by Ernst Hans Gombrich and Caroline Mustill Ernst Gombrich (1909–2001) was a noted art historian and writer. He wrote *A Little History of the World* in 1935 in Vienna when he was 26 years old. He died at the age of 92 while translating the book into English. Caroline Mustill worked with Mr. Gombrich as his assistant from 1995 until his death. She finished translating the book into English. The following excerpt from their book describes the short term and long-term influences and effects of the scientific discoveries of Galileo Galilei. --- The first man to understand the extraordinary magical power of applying mathematical calculation to things in nature was an Italian called Galileo Galilei. He had devoted many years to observing, analyzing, and describing such things when, one day, someone denounced him for writing exactly what Leonardo had observed but not explained. What he had written was this: ‘the sun does not move—on the contrary, it is the earth which moves round the sun, together with the planets.’ This discovery had already been made by a Polish scholar named Copernicus, after many years of calculation. It had been published in 1543, not long after Leonardo’s death and shortly before his own, but the theory had been denounced as anti-Christian and heretical by Catholic and Protestant priests alike. They pointed to a passage in the Old Testament in which Joshua, the great warrior, asks God not to let dusk fall until his enemy is destroyed. In answer to his prayer, we read: ‘The sun stood still and the moon stayed, until the people had avenged themselves on their enemies.’ If the Bible says the sun stood still, people argued, then the sun must normally be in motion. And to suggest that the sun did not move was therefore heretical, and contradicted what was written in the Bible. So in 1632, when he was nearly seventy years old, Galileo, who had devoted his whole life to scholarship, was brought before the religious tribunal known as the Inquisition, and made to choose between being burned as a heretic or renouncing his theory about the movement of the earth around the sun. He signed a declaration saying that he was but a poor sinner, for he had taught that the earth moved round the sun. In this way he avoided being burned, the
Transcribed Image Text:--- **DOC A - A Little History of the World: Galileo** by Ernst Hans Gombrich and Caroline Mustill Ernst Gombrich (1909–2001) was a noted art historian and writer. He wrote *A Little History of the World* in 1935 in Vienna when he was 26 years old. He died at the age of 92 while translating the book into English. Caroline Mustill worked with Mr. Gombrich as his assistant from 1995 until his death. She finished translating the book into English. The following excerpt from their book describes the short term and long-term influences and effects of the scientific discoveries of Galileo Galilei. --- The first man to understand the extraordinary magical power of applying mathematical calculation to things in nature was an Italian called Galileo Galilei. He had devoted many years to observing, analyzing, and describing such things when, one day, someone denounced him for writing exactly what Leonardo had observed but not explained. What he had written was this: ‘the sun does not move—on the contrary, it is the earth which moves round the sun, together with the planets.’ This discovery had already been made by a Polish scholar named Copernicus, after many years of calculation. It had been published in 1543, not long after Leonardo’s death and shortly before his own, but the theory had been denounced as anti-Christian and heretical by Catholic and Protestant priests alike. They pointed to a passage in the Old Testament in which Joshua, the great warrior, asks God not to let dusk fall until his enemy is destroyed. In answer to his prayer, we read: ‘The sun stood still and the moon stayed, until the people had avenged themselves on their enemies.’ If the Bible says the sun stood still, people argued, then the sun must normally be in motion. And to suggest that the sun did not move was therefore heretical, and contradicted what was written in the Bible. So in 1632, when he was nearly seventy years old, Galileo, who had devoted his whole life to scholarship, was brought before the religious tribunal known as the Inquisition, and made to choose between being burned as a heretic or renouncing his theory about the movement of the earth around the sun. He signed a declaration saying that he was but a poor sinner, for he had taught that the earth moved round the sun. In this way he avoided being burned, the
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