Based on only what is depicted in this cladogram, what is the most parsimonious explanation for the presence of venom in snakes and monitor lizards assuming none of the other taxa are venomous? Why?

Q: A B C D E F G H I 1 4 6 8 2 7 5

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Q: Imagine you are a paleontologist trying to find the “missing link” between different species. In…

A: Evolution is defined as the gradual changes in the characteristics of the species over period of…

Q: In the example below, the letters represent amino acids that make up a polypeptide found in all the…

A: A cladogram is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms.

Q: Notice that a couple of things are different from the previous charts. Firstly, the derived traits…

A: Maximum parsimony method is based upon the principle of minimum number of steps. The correct tree is…

Q: ny pairs of sister taxa differ markedly in their numbers of extant species. In this chapter we saw…

A: Evolutionary science places a extraordinary deal of emphasis on the assortment of species inside…

Q: = phylogeny of tetrapods.

A: Synapomorphies is a character or trait that is shared by two or more taxonomic groups and is derived…

Q: How do these similarities and differences relate to the evolutionary relationships between these…

A: The specimens used in the study are a frog, a dog, a hen, and a pig.

Q: Estimate the phylogeny of these taxa by plotting the changes on each of the three possible…

A: Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a species or group from pre-existing related organisms.…

Q: The Cave Bear and the American Giant Short-faced Bear are both extinct. All the other species are…

A: a) It is a chronogram because this evolutionary phylogenetic tree is proportional to time scale.…

Q: The image shows two species of lizards. Phrynosoma cornutum (left) is found in North America and…

A: Convergent evolution is a process by which distantly related species evolve similar characteristics…

Q: What does a cladogram tell us?

A: Classification is the arrangement of organisms into groups and sub-groups on the basis of…

Q: A) what is (are) the closest relative(s) of the Honeybee? B) what is (are) the closest relative(s)…

A: A cladogram is a diagrammatic relationship visualising evolutionary relationship and trends between…

Q: Using the morphological data in table 1, fill in the table matrix in table 2 and CREATE a CLADOGRAM…

A: Cladograms could be created using DNA data or by comparing morphological (structural)…

Q: For each statement about the trees shown below, indicate whether it is TRUE (1) or FALSE (2). These…

A: The evolutionary links between a set of species, animals, or genes are graphically depicted using…

Q: Species A X Species B X X Species C X X X Species D X X X Species E X X X X X Species F X X X X X

A: Cladistics approach help us in determining the evolutionary relationship between the various species…

Q: a)   Draw a phylogenetic tree based on characters 1-5 in the table below.  Place hatch marks on the…

A: This phylogenetic tree is a hypothesis because they reflect the best model, or explanation, of…

Q: What is cladistics and why is it significant?

A: Taxonomy is the science of classification of organisms on the basis of their morphology, anatomy,…

Q: characteristic will be placed. placenta endothermic metabolism mammary glands camera eye Bat…

A: Homologous structures: Homologous means similar/common origins.Because of common ancestry, some…

Q: how do scientists organize a cladogram?

A: Cladograms are diagrams that show the relationships between different taxonomic groups known as…

Q: Is the inability to make vitamin C likely a homologous or analogous trait for humans and orangutans…

A: Introduction : Primates are the mammals having placenta and they are divided into two groups-…

Q: Given the phylogenetic tree shown below, which of the following two species (A-F) most recently…

A: Phylogeny is described as a relationship of organisms that have descended from a common ancestor,…

Q: The matrix below provides information about each candy 'species. Each column represents a candy…

A: The study of evolution is an interesting subject. From the organic chemical molecule to the…

Q: According to this phylogenetic tree, Callitris sulcata is sister to Select one: a. Callitris…

A: The majority of contemporary categorization schemes, or phylogenies, are based on the evolutionary…

Q: For the Xenites, consider what appear to be homologies and analogies. Figure out the order of…

A: Evolution is a natural process that includes several changes over many generations in the…

Q: Within the field of phylogenetics, what does a “bootstrap value” represent?

A: Introduction: Phylogeny is the study of the organisms with respect to its evolution and the…

Q: Which is NOT an example of a structural homology?

A: (A) All vertebrate embryos from pharyngeal pouches:ExplanationThis is an example of structural…

Q: Based on your analysis of the following graph and accompanying cladogram (species have been assigned…

A: A cladogram is a diagram that shows the relationship between species. It shows the evolution of…

Q: Sample Character Taxon Matrix – Crocodylians (difficulty level: moderate, but tedious) Character…

A: Cladograms(phylogenetic trees) are graphical charts that depict the hypothetical correlations…

Q: d) All organisms share a common genetic code.

A: (a) All vertebrate embryos form pharyngeal pouches. All vertebrate embryos forming pharyngeal…

Q: The Manx cat is in the domestic cat group, and the bobcat is in the lynx group. Both have a trait in…

A: The evolution is a change in the genetic makeup (and often, the heritable features) of a population…

Q: Swordtails, platyfish and Poecilia species are incapable of interbreeding with each other but…

A: Biological species defines the ability of two organisms to mate and produce offspring successfully…

Q: Examine the phylogenetic tree of several species of lizards. Zebra-tailed Lizard Western Whiptal…

A: Introduction A phylogenetic tree is a graphic that shows how creatures have evolved over time.…

Q: Construct a phylogenetic tree with the species and label the traits according to their number (ex.…

A: Given animals are different species of class Mammalia. Their phylogenetic tree is given below:

Q: On the right is a phylogeny depicting the relationship among eight animal species (A to H). Next to…

A: The idea of a phylogenetic tree evolved from an old idea of a ladder-like development of living…

Q: Which of the following are true about outgroups? (multiple answers allowed) A) they help identify…

A: Evolution is any alteration in the heritable characteristics of the population. These…

Q: A phylogeny of 5 species of birds is shown below with values for three different phenotypic traits…

A: Phylogenetics term is derived from two Greek words- Phylon meaning lineage or race; genesis meaning…

Q: Select all of the traits provided below that appear in this specimen

A: The skull A skull is a bone representation of the head of the vertebrates. It forms the head…

Q: Which of the following statements is an accurate interpretation of the labeled branch points on the…

A: Evolution is a process of slow gradual change over a period of time. The organisms to survive the…

Q: Phylogenetic trees are used to show the evolutionary relationships among various biological species…

A: Introduction  A phylogenetic tree is a drawing that shows how organisms have evolved over time.…

Animal Phylogeny

Cladistics is a method of biological classification where organisms are classified based on their ancestors and their relationship with them. It is defined as the concepts and methods for determining the branching patterns of evolution and evolutionary history. Some scientists, however, have preferred the term phylogenetic systematics or phylogenetic taxonomy to emphasize the reliance on a phylogeny for classification. It is the most common and accepted method for classifying organisms.