Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
Based on Markovnikov’s rule, draw only the Major product for the following asymmetrical addition (hydration) reaction
![The image depicts a chemical reaction formula. This formula shows the interaction between an organic compound and water.
**Chemical Reaction:**
\[ \text{Alkene} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{Product} \]
In detailed structural terms:
- The reactant is an alkene, specifically 2-methyl-2-butene, which has a double bond between two carbon atoms.
- Water (\(\text{H}_2\text{O}\)) is the reactant added to the alkene.
**Explanation of the Reaction:**
This reaction is an example of a hydration reaction, which is a symmetrical chemical addition. In a hydration reaction, water adds across the double bond of an alkene, typically forming an alcohol.
**Key Points:**
- **Alkene:** 2-methyl-2-butene is the starting compound, characterized by a double bond, and its structural formula is shown.
- **Water Addition:** Represented as \(\text{+ HOH}\), where water molecule will add across the double bond.
This type of reaction is fundamental in organic chemistry, especially important in the formation of alcohols from alkenes.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F2d6663a1-5b52-4550-8eec-a90ad2bc5fd7%2F2b71053e-236c-4782-860e-c5e28802939d%2Fsc4tvy4.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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