balloon is the same as the air pressure outside the balloon. Suppose we next heat the air inside the balloon, i.e., increase the temperature of the air inside. Use the kinetic model (or gas law) to explain why the gas number density inside the balloon will decrease (get smaller). Gas number density is the number of gas molecules inside the balloon (fixed in this example) divided by the volume of the balloon. Hint. The volume of the balloon will change so that the air pressure inside the balloon remains the same as the air pressure outside the balloon, so the pressure remains constant (or unchanged) as the air inside is heated. Will this heated balloon of air tend to float upward or sink down to the ground? Give a brief explanation. Assume the container has no mass or weight.
States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
An object floats in water if it less dense than water. In other words if the volume of the material weighs less than the same volume of water (for example a piece of plastic). An object sinks in water if it is more dense than water (for example a piece of steel). The same principle applies for objects surrounded by air. Objects that are less dense than air, i.e., weigh less than the same volume of air, will float upward. For example, a helium-filled balloon floats upward because the helium inside the balloon weighs less than the same volume of air, since helium molecules weigh less than the nitrogen and oxygen that make up most of our atmosphere. Objects that are more dense than air, like humans, sink to the bottom of the atmosphere.
Suppose we put some air in a sealed, flexible container like a balloon. No air can enter or leave the container, but since the container is flexible, it can easily change its size or volume. At first, the air temperature, air number density, and air pressure inside the balloon are the same as the temperature, number density, and pressure of the air outside the balloon. The volume of the balloon will adjust so that the air pressure inside the balloon is the same as the air pressure outside the balloon. Suppose we next heat the air inside the balloon, i.e., increase the temperature of the air inside. Use the kinetic model (or
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