Answered: Bacillus anthracis

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax) Shape and arrangement of your pathogen Bacillus shape and Streptobacilli arrangement Type of flagella, number and correctly named arrangement of the flagella (example: monotrichous) My pathogen is one of the few in its specie that is not motile. It contains one flagellin gene, however four essential proteins contain point mutations and frameshifts. Therefore, the flagella are nonfunctional and the organism lacks motility; Atrichous. Capsule or not (If yes, describe what is it made from) Yes. It is made of poli-y-D-glutamic acid (PGA). According to Frontiers in Immunology, “Bacillus anthracis poly-γ-D-glutamic acid (PGA) capsule is an essential virulent factor that helps the bacterial pathogen to escape host immunity.” Gram staining status OR acid-fast stain cell wall description. Explain why your pathogen has this status by describing your pathogen's cell wall structure. Gram positive- many layers of peptidoglycan making it thick and rigid, contains teichoic acids to attach to each other as well as the plasma membrane, adjacent rows are linked by polypeptides containing amino acids that are alternating L and D form or isomer, and alternating N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N- acetylmuramic acid (NAM) -information from professor’s lecture Can it form endospores? If yes, explain when they form endospores. Yes, they are the infectious particles of anthrax. According to Microbewiki, they form due to the lack of nutrients and sporulation form within the first 48 hours. Where is your pathogen usually found? (Ex. soil, water, zoonosis, airborne or maybe it only has a human host) Most common found in agricultural regions of central and South America, sub-Saharan Africa, central and southwestern Asia, and Europe. It is rare to find it in the United States but sporadic outbreaks occur in wild and domestic animal like cattle and deer. Compare this to Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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