Ruffle M-cell surface Bacterial cell 10 µm FIGURE 16.6 Ruffling Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium inducing ruffles on an M cell (a specialized intestinal epithelial cell), leading to uptake of the bacterial cells.

Q: Describe the two types of fungal hypha.

A: According to guidelines we have to answer the first question only. so please kindly post the…

Q: Which coliform bacteria are the most difficult to distinguish from the Salmonella or Shigella…

A: In humans, Shigella and Salmonella are microorganisms that cause gastroenteritis. Salmonella is the…

Q: What makes the Amanita phalloides toxins so harmful that even one cap can kill an adult?

A: Amanita phalloides is a most poisonous mushroom. Every part of mushroom is highly poisonous and…

Q: What populations of people are most affected by Listeria Monocytogenes illness or Listeriosis

A: Listeriosis is an bacterial infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes.

Q: What is Salmonella pathogenicity island?

A: Pathogenicity island is a distinct class of genomic island that is acquired by the microorganisms.…

Q: What are some challenges that the normal flora in the human body might represent for candida…

A: * The normal flora influences the physiology, susceptibility to pathogens, and anatomy *The normal…

Q: Is Bacillus cereus pathogenic?

A: Bacillus Cereus bacteria commensal or pathogenic to foods

Q: How is the pathogen, shigella spread?

A: Pathogens are organisms that can cause disease or infections after invading the host cells and…

Q: 1) Which of the following apply(ies) to Bacillus cereus and Bacillus anthracis? Choose all that…

A: Bacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, bacilli, or rod-shaped bacteria. B. anthracis is the causative…

Q: What are unique features in the epidemiology of E. coli O157:H7(STEC)?

A: Features of E.coli 0157:H7 It grows in moderate temperature condition thus they are MESOPHILIC.…

Q: How do microfilariae get into the blood?

A: Microfilariae is an early stage in the life cycle of certain parasitic nematodes belonging to family…

Q: Is sputum normally considered a high-risk fluid for the transmission of bloodborne pathogens? Why or…

A: Sputum:Sputum is a fluid that the respiratory system  more specifically the lungs and airways,…

Q: How does Salmonella typhimurium avoid being killed by phagocytes.

A: Salmonella manipulates inflammatory pathways and the autophagy process.  Salmonella evades the…

Q: Describe the kinds of infections for which E. coli is primarilyresponsible.

A: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the gram-negative and coliform bacteria.

Q: What is prophylaxis?

A: The disease is a condition or illness or sickness of the living animal or plant body or of one of…

Q: A glycocalyx functions in all of the folowing ways EXCEPT: a) adherence to non-living surfaces, such…

A: A glycocalyx is a loose sheet present around the bacteria cells.

Q: Differentiate between rust and smut.

A: Fungi are Eukaryotic organisms that includes mushrooms and microorganisms like yeast and molds.…

Q: Why does this toxin not kill the Bacillus?

A: Most bacteria produce pigments, enzymes, and toxins. Toxins can be exotoxins and endotoxins. The…