B. Let us consider the internal structure of a Darlington transistor (see figure 2): 1- Give the expression of Ic as a function of Ic₁ and Ic2. 2- Give the expression of Ic₁ as a function of B₁ and IB. 3- Give the expression of Ic2 as a function of B2 and I'g, then the expression of Icz as a function of ß2 and I'E. 4- Give the expression of I'E as a function of IB and Ic1. 5- Replace in this relation Ic1 by the expression of question 2. IB B₁ I'E Figure 2 Ici I'B 8- From this latter relation, deduce the expression of the relation Ic/IB. 9- If B₁ = ₂ = 100, calculate Ic/lg for a Darlington transistor and compare to the expression Ic/IB of a single transistor. Conclude. Is Icz B₂ IE 6- In the relation of la question 3, replace I'E by the relation of question 5. 7- In the relation of question 1, replace Ic₁ by the relation of question 6 and Ic2 by the relation of question 3.
Quantization and Resolution
Quantization is a methodology of carrying out signal modulation by the process of mapping input values from an infinitely long set of continuous values to a smaller set of finite values. Quantization forms the basic algorithm for lossy compression algorithms and represents a given analog signal into digital signals. In other words, these algorithms form the base of an analog-to-digital converter. Devices that process the algorithm of quantization are known as a quantizer. These devices aid in rounding off (approximation) the errors of an input function called the quantized value.
Probability of Error
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exo 2 b
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