b-oxidation occurs ONLY under aerobic conditions. Why? Glycolysis occurs under anaerobic conditions, so b-oxidation is not essential. The reactions of b-oxidation require oxygen. In the absence of oxygen, the reactions of b-oxidation are inhibited by their products.
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- I'm confused about glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Question: What is the function of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase? Is it because of -> The incorporation of a phosphate from ATP and reduction of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate or ->The incorporation of phosphate from inorganic phosphate and reduction of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. or -> The incorporation of phosphate from inorganic phosphate and oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(Biochemistry topics: Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, and Electron Transport.) There is a reciprocal regulation of glycolytic and gluconeogenic reactions interconverting fructose-6-phosphate and fructose-1,6-biphosphate. Which one of the following statements about this regulation is not correct? This regulation allows control of the direction of net metabolite flow through the pathway. Fructose-2,6- bisphosphate activates phosphofructokinase-1. Fructose-2,6-biphosphate inhibits fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. The fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase reaction is exergonic. The PFK1 reaction is exergonic.The first three steps of β oxidation (Fig.) chemically resemble three successive steps of the citric acid cycle. Which steps are these?
- Fatty acid synthesis is largely the reverse of beta oxidation, yet there are some distinct differences. From the statements below, which of the following is inaccurateconcerning fatty acid metabolism? Both processes use mobile electron carriers Both beta oxidation and fatty acid synthase use a carrier group The first step in fatty acid degradation pathway and biosynthetic pathway are regulated C2 unit of acetyl moiety is used in both fatty acid degradation and fatty acid biosynthesis Both processes occur in a unique, specific location (Compartmentalization)Otto Warburg made an interesting observation in the 1930s about cancer cells using the fermentation pathway to catabolize pyruvate even when the oxygen supply seemed sufficient for oxidative phosphorylation. One modern explanation for this “Warburg Effect” is that it protects the cancer cells from damage from free radicals. Provide a biochemical rationale for this explanation.This is the ATP accounting question. You are limited to the carbon in the following molecules: One xylulose 5-phosphate, One glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, One sedoheptulose 7-phosphate, 1 Oxaloacetate, and 3 carbon dioxide A) Disregard regulation completely regarding pathway activity, using only the enzymes of glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and citric acid cycle, what is the maximum ATP one can generate with these molecules? B) Disregard regulation completely regarding pathway activity, using only the enzymes of glycolysis, Calvin- Benson-Bassham cycle, and citric acid cycle, what is the maximum ATP one can generate with these molecules (in this instance only, you also are given 3 ATP and note that you do NOT need to regenerate substrates for rubisco once you get through this enzyme).
- Explain the purpose of the glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle (Don’t worry about the mechanism, just the purpose of the shuttle. Just one sentence here!). Suppose a cell could only rely on the glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle and not the malate-aspartate shuttle, how would that affect the amount of ATP that could be generated from the complete oxidation of 1 molecule of glucose in that cell? How would this change the amount of ATP that could be generated from the complete oxidation of 1 molecule of palmitate in this cell?Triglyceride is an important energy reserve material for human body. When sugar supply is insufficient, triglyceride can be powered by B oxidation and decomposition of fatty acids. When sugar intake is excessive, triglyceride can also be synthesized by de novo synthesis. List the differences between the fatty acid beta oxidation pathway and the de novo synthesis pathway (identify at least five differences)Citrate (the product of the first step of the TCA cycle) is considered to be a sign of high energy. 1. Which step of glycolysis does citrate regulate (does it activate or inhibit that step?) 2. WHY exactly is citrate considered a sign of high energy?
- Metabolizing a fatty acid via the B-oxidation pathway will generate acetyl CoA, NADH and FADH₂. Based on your biochemical knowledge, the major metabolic intermediate will enter cellular respiration in [Select] and the reduced coenzymes will enter cellular respiration in [Select] Could a mature red blood cell perform the ß-oxidation pathway? Yes, in their cytoplasm.Some people say that citric acid cycle and the fatty acid oxidation share many similarities. Do you agree with this? Explain with reasons.Most metabolic pathways are relatively long and appear to be very complex. For example, there are 10 individual chemical reactions in glycolysis, converting glucose to pyruvate. Suggest a reason for the complexity.