Assignment cution nderstanding ruction Exe- In the LC-3 architecture, memory accesses occur through the Memory Address Register (MAR) and the Memory Data Register (MDR). These registers facilitate LOAD (LD) and STORE (ST) instructions by temporarily holding addresses and data during memory operations. Given Information ⚫ The system has a 16-bit address bus and a 16-bit data bus. ⚫ The MAR is 16 bits wide and holds the memory address for read/write operations. • The MDR is 16 bits wide and temporarily stores data being read from or written to memory. At the beginning, memory and registers are initialized as follows: Initial Register Values: • R1 = x4000 • R2 = x4001 ⚫ R3 = x0000 (used as the destination register for load) • MAR = x0000 • MDR = x0000 Initial Memory Contents: M[x4000]=x1234, M[24001] = x5678 The following LC-3 instructions are executed sequentially: LD R3, x4000 ST R3, x4001 ; Load value from memory address x4000 into R3 ; Store value from R3 into memory address x4001 Tasks 1. Step-by-step execution of instructions: ⚫ Break down the LD R3, x4000 and ST R3, x4001 instructions in terms of how they use MAR and MDR. Explain how each instruction updates the MAR, MDR, registers, and memory during the execution cycle. Make sure the following steps are discussed in details: 1) Address MAR Update 2) MDR Update with Register Data 3) Register Write-back or Memory Store 2. Complete the following table to track changes to registers and memory after each step: Step Instruction MAR MDR R3 Memory[x4000] | Memory[x1001] 1 LD R3, x4000 ? ? ? x1234 2 ST R3, x4001 ? ? ? ? x5678 ?
Assignment cution nderstanding ruction Exe- In the LC-3 architecture, memory accesses occur through the Memory Address Register (MAR) and the Memory Data Register (MDR). These registers facilitate LOAD (LD) and STORE (ST) instructions by temporarily holding addresses and data during memory operations. Given Information ⚫ The system has a 16-bit address bus and a 16-bit data bus. ⚫ The MAR is 16 bits wide and holds the memory address for read/write operations. • The MDR is 16 bits wide and temporarily stores data being read from or written to memory. At the beginning, memory and registers are initialized as follows: Initial Register Values: • R1 = x4000 • R2 = x4001 ⚫ R3 = x0000 (used as the destination register for load) • MAR = x0000 • MDR = x0000 Initial Memory Contents: M[x4000]=x1234, M[24001] = x5678 The following LC-3 instructions are executed sequentially: LD R3, x4000 ST R3, x4001 ; Load value from memory address x4000 into R3 ; Store value from R3 into memory address x4001 Tasks 1. Step-by-step execution of instructions: ⚫ Break down the LD R3, x4000 and ST R3, x4001 instructions in terms of how they use MAR and MDR. Explain how each instruction updates the MAR, MDR, registers, and memory during the execution cycle. Make sure the following steps are discussed in details: 1) Address MAR Update 2) MDR Update with Register Data 3) Register Write-back or Memory Store 2. Complete the following table to track changes to registers and memory after each step: Step Instruction MAR MDR R3 Memory[x4000] | Memory[x1001] 1 LD R3, x4000 ? ? ? x1234 2 ST R3, x4001 ? ? ? ? x5678 ?
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![Assignment
cution
nderstanding
ruction Exe-
In the LC-3 architecture, memory accesses occur through the Memory Address Register (MAR) and
the Memory Data Register (MDR). These registers facilitate LOAD (LD) and STORE (ST) instructions by
temporarily holding addresses and data during memory operations.
Given Information
⚫ The system has a 16-bit address bus and a 16-bit data bus.
⚫ The MAR is 16 bits wide and holds the memory address for read/write operations.
• The MDR is 16 bits wide and temporarily stores data being read from or written to memory.
At the beginning, memory and registers are initialized as follows:
Initial Register Values:
• R1 = x4000
• R2 = x4001
⚫ R3 = x0000 (used as the destination register for load)
• MAR = x0000
• MDR = x0000
Initial Memory Contents:
M[x4000]=x1234, M[24001] = x5678
The following LC-3 instructions are executed sequentially:
LD R3, x4000
ST R3, x4001
; Load value from memory address x4000 into R3
; Store value from R3 into memory address x4001
Tasks
1. Step-by-step execution of instructions:
⚫ Break down the LD R3, x4000 and ST R3, x4001 instructions in terms of how they use MAR and
MDR.
Explain how each instruction updates the MAR, MDR, registers, and memory during the
execution cycle.
Make sure the following steps are discussed in details: 1) Address MAR Update 2) MDR Update
with Register Data 3) Register Write-back or Memory Store
2. Complete the following table to track changes to registers and memory after each step:
Step
Instruction
MAR MDR
R3 Memory[x4000] | Memory[x1001]
1
LD R3, x4000
?
?
?
x1234
2
ST R3, x4001
?
?
?
?
x5678
?](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F8394ca4d-f3a7-477b-8001-e6919ea106d5%2F53e00f30-636a-412c-99e7-c89ead454f61%2Fscyj08_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:Assignment
cution
nderstanding
ruction Exe-
In the LC-3 architecture, memory accesses occur through the Memory Address Register (MAR) and
the Memory Data Register (MDR). These registers facilitate LOAD (LD) and STORE (ST) instructions by
temporarily holding addresses and data during memory operations.
Given Information
⚫ The system has a 16-bit address bus and a 16-bit data bus.
⚫ The MAR is 16 bits wide and holds the memory address for read/write operations.
• The MDR is 16 bits wide and temporarily stores data being read from or written to memory.
At the beginning, memory and registers are initialized as follows:
Initial Register Values:
• R1 = x4000
• R2 = x4001
⚫ R3 = x0000 (used as the destination register for load)
• MAR = x0000
• MDR = x0000
Initial Memory Contents:
M[x4000]=x1234, M[24001] = x5678
The following LC-3 instructions are executed sequentially:
LD R3, x4000
ST R3, x4001
; Load value from memory address x4000 into R3
; Store value from R3 into memory address x4001
Tasks
1. Step-by-step execution of instructions:
⚫ Break down the LD R3, x4000 and ST R3, x4001 instructions in terms of how they use MAR and
MDR.
Explain how each instruction updates the MAR, MDR, registers, and memory during the
execution cycle.
Make sure the following steps are discussed in details: 1) Address MAR Update 2) MDR Update
with Register Data 3) Register Write-back or Memory Store
2. Complete the following table to track changes to registers and memory after each step:
Step
Instruction
MAR MDR
R3 Memory[x4000] | Memory[x1001]
1
LD R3, x4000
?
?
?
x1234
2
ST R3, x4001
?
?
?
?
x5678
?
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