As you will learn, carbon-14 (14C) is an unstable isotope of carbon. It has the same chemical properties and electronic structure as the much more abundant isotope carbon-12 (12C), but it has different nuclear properties. Its mass is 14 u, greater than that of carbon-12 because of the two extra neutrons in the carbon-14 nucleus. Assume the CO molecular potential energy is the same for both isotopes of carbon, and for carbon monoxide with carbon-12 atoms the frequency of the photon that causes the v = 0 to v = 1 transition is 6.42 1013 Hz and the moment of inertia is 1.46 10-46 kg · m2. (a) What is the vibrational frequency of 14CO? (b) What is the moment of inertia of 14CO? (c) What wavelengths of light can be absorbed by 14CO in the (v = 0, J = 10) state that will cause it to end up in the v = 1 level? _______µm (larger wavelength) _______µm (smaller wavelength)
Kinematics
A machine is a device that accepts energy in some available form and utilizes it to do a type of work. Energy, work, or power has to be transferred from one mechanical part to another to run a machine. While the transfer of energy between two machine parts, those two parts experience a relative motion with each other. Studying such relative motions is termed kinematics.
Kinetic Energy and Work-Energy Theorem
In physics, work is the product of the net force in direction of the displacement and the magnitude of this displacement or it can also be defined as the energy transfer of an object when it is moved for a distance due to the forces acting on it in the direction of displacement and perpendicular to the displacement which is called the normal force. Energy is the capacity of any object doing work. The SI unit of work is joule and energy is Joule. This principle follows the second law of Newton's law of motion where the net force causes the acceleration of an object. The force of gravity which is downward force and the normal force acting on an object which is perpendicular to the object are equal in magnitude but opposite to the direction, so while determining the net force, these two components cancel out. The net force is the horizontal component of the force and in our explanation, we consider everything as frictionless surface since friction should also be calculated while called the work-energy component of the object. The two most basics of energy classification are potential energy and kinetic energy. There are various kinds of kinetic energy like chemical, mechanical, thermal, nuclear, electrical, radiant energy, and so on. The work is done when there is a change in energy and it mainly depends on the application of force and movement of the object. Let us say how much work is needed to lift a 5kg ball 5m high. Work is mathematically represented as Force ×Displacement. So it will be 5kg times the gravitational constant on earth and the distance moved by the object. Wnet=Fnet times Displacement.
As you will learn, carbon-14 (14C) is an unstable isotope of carbon. It has the same chemical properties and electronic structure as the much more abundant isotope carbon-12 (12C), but it has different nuclear properties. Its mass is 14 u, greater than that of carbon-12 because of the two extra neutrons in the carbon-14 nucleus. Assume the CO molecular potential energy is the same for both isotopes of carbon, and for carbon monoxide with carbon-12 atoms the frequency of the photon that causes the v = 0 to v = 1 transition is 6.42 1013 Hz and the moment of inertia is 1.46 10-46 kg · m2.
(a) What is the vibrational frequency of 14CO?
(b) What is the moment of inertia of 14CO?
(c) What
_______µm (larger wavelength)
_______µm (smaller wavelength)
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