As you reread, restate the main and secondary ideas. Classify them one after the other, according to the order in which they appear in the text: They were not, as legend has it, bloodthirsty warriors who drank the blood of their enemies from the skulls of the vanquished, nor were they mercenaries, for that matter. This apocalyptic vision of the Vikings stems from medieval Christian literature, which cast the pagans who were the Scandinavians before their conversion to Christianity1 on the side of evil. In reality, the Vikings were more like breeders, farmers, merchants (especially of slaves) throughout Europe, and extraordinary sailors who, for three centuries (from the 8th to the 11th), criss-crossed the Old World in all directions, including America around the year 1000, via Iceland and Greenland to their enigmatic Vinland, the exact location of which is still uncertain. They didn't even sail in their all-too-famous “drakkars”, a name coined in the 19th century by the Romantic imagination to designate the dragon (draki) that the Vikings put at the prow of their ships, actually called knörr, langskip or skeid, which could carry around 70 people, horses, sheep and lots of goods from all over the world.hese marvels of engineering were flat-bottomed sailing and rowing boats, but with a centerboard integrated into the frame, which, combined with the effects of the rudder, made it possible to coast along the shores following the bays (hence their name : vik, bay, and the fact that they always settled only on the coasts and never deep inland), as well as crossing seas and sailing up shallow rivers and thus surprising rural and urban dwellers in their famous raids, one of the many words they bequeathed to the French language, like almost everything to do with nautical voca- bulars such as huna (hune), skip (boat), höfuđbenda (shroud) or even the lexicon of the sea: humarr (lobster), krabbi (crab), strönd (foreshore), vágr (waves) or vágrek (kelp). Their words can even be found in our surnames, taken from the landscapes of northern Europe: sparse forests are called londes, ponds are called mares, rocky hollows are called houles (Lalonde, Lamarre, Houle)2. These words were transferred to the French language by the Vikings, who came from Denmark and settled permanently in Normandy in 911, in exchange for peace, and then passed into English in 1066 with the glorious crossing of the English Channel by William the Conqueror, a descendant of Rollon, as recounted in the famous Bayeux tapestry These words would reach New France through the filles du Roy as well as through settlers from all parts of the United Kingdom - English, Scottish and Irish - since these were the European settlements of the western Vikings, who brought with them to America their vision of territory as land, i.e. a set of lands administered by a Þing (assembly pro- tegrated by Torr and orchestrated by a gođi, a kind of pastor and “religious” leader, god), lands exploited locally by a bondi (rancher). The Vikings will also bring their work with materials, particularly metal, such as that of a smiđ, a blacksmith.
As you reread, restate the main and secondary ideas. Classify them one after the other, according to the order in which they appear in the text:
They were not, as legend has it, bloodthirsty warriors who drank the blood of their enemies from the skulls of the vanquished, nor were they mercenaries, for that matter. This apocalyptic vision of the Vikings stems from medieval Christian literature, which cast the pagans who were the Scandinavians before their conversion to Christianity1 on the side of evil. In reality, the Vikings were more like breeders, farmers, merchants (especially of slaves) throughout Europe, and extraordinary sailors who, for three centuries (from the 8th to the 11th), criss-crossed the Old World in all directions, including America around the year 1000, via Iceland and Greenland to their enigmatic Vinland, the exact location of which is still uncertain. They didn't even sail in their all-too-famous “drakkars”, a name coined in the 19th century by the Romantic imagination to designate the dragon (draki) that the Vikings put at the prow of their ships, actually called knörr, langskip or skeid, which could carry around 70 people, horses, sheep and lots of goods from all over the world.hese marvels of engineering were flat-bottomed sailing and rowing boats, but with a centerboard integrated into the frame, which, combined with the effects of the rudder, made it possible to coast along the shores following the bays (hence their name : vik, bay, and the fact that they always settled only on the coasts and never deep inland), as well as crossing seas and sailing up shallow rivers and thus surprising rural and urban dwellers in their famous raids, one of the many words they bequeathed to the French language, like almost everything to do with nautical voca- bulars such as huna (hune), skip (boat), höfuđbenda (shroud) or even the lexicon of the sea: humarr (lobster), krabbi (crab), strönd (foreshore), vágr (waves) or vágrek (kelp). Their words can even be found in our surnames, taken from the landscapes of northern Europe: sparse forests are called londes, ponds are called mares, rocky hollows are called houles (Lalonde, Lamarre, Houle)2. These words were transferred to the French language by the Vikings, who came from Denmark and settled permanently in Normandy in 911, in exchange for peace, and then passed into English in 1066 with the glorious crossing of the English Channel by William the Conqueror, a descendant of Rollon, as recounted in the famous Bayeux tapestry These words would reach New France through the filles du Roy as well as through settlers from all parts of the United Kingdom - English, Scottish and Irish - since these were the European settlements of the western Vikings, who brought with them to America their vision of territory as land, i.e. a set of lands administered by a Þing (assembly pro- tegrated by Torr and orchestrated by a gođi, a kind of pastor and “religious” leader, god), lands exploited locally by a bondi (rancher). The Vikings will also bring their work with materials, particularly metal, such as that of a smiđ, a blacksmith.
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