As part of a downstream processing sequence, 10 m³ of a process fluid containing 20 kg m-3 ofan enzyme is to be concentrated to 200 kg/m³ by means of ultrafiltration. Tests have shown thatthe enzyme is completely retained by a 10,000 MWCO surface-modified polysulphone membranewith a filtration flux given by:J =0.04 In(250/C;)where J is the flux in m/h and C, is the enzyme concentration in kg m-3. Four hours is availablefor carrying out the process.(a) Calculate the area of membrane needed to carry out the concentration as a simple batchprocess, (b) Use the following approximation for estimating the average flux during a simple batchprocess:JavJ; +0.27(J; – J;)-

The area of membrane can be obtained from the time, volume and difference of flux .The flux is…

Answered: As part of a downstream processing…

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

8th Edition

ISBN:9781259696527

Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart

Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1P

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An evaporation-crystallization process (as shown below) is used to obtain solid potassium sulfate from an aqueous salt solution. The feed contains 18.7 wt% K2SO4. The wet filter cake contains solid sulfate crystals and a 40.0 wt% salt solution. The filtrate is recycled to mix with the feed. The evaporator has a capacity of 175 kg of water evaporated per second. The filtrate has 40.0 wt% salt solution, as well, and from the water entering the evaporator, 45.0% is evaporated. In the wet filter cake, there is 10 kg of the solid crystals for every 1 kg of the salt solution. a.) Calculate the fresh feed rate. (Include units) b.) Determine the production rate of crystal. (Include units) c.) Calculate the recycle ratio. (kg recycle/kg feed) Include units
Can you solve the number 1 and 2 please? Thanks
In a counter-current absorption tower, a process gas containing 0.04 (mole fraction) ammonia is scrubbed with pure water. The exit gas contains 0.002 (mole fraction) ammonia.The diameter of the tower is 1m, and the packing has a large area per volume of 200 m2m–3. The overall mass transfer coefficient based on the liquid side driving force, KL, is 1.5×10−5ms–1. The total gas and liquid concentrations are 0.6kmolm–3and 20 kmolm–3respectively and the gas flowrateis 0.03kmols–1. The actual liquid to gas ratio is 1.5 times that of the minimum liquid to gas ratio. The equilibrium for ammonia between the air and water is given by y* = 1.04x. What is the mol fraction of ammonia in the liquid?
SEPERATIONS Absorption: Contaminant in a Gas Effluent We are going to absorb 90% of a contaminant in a gas stream containing 15.0 mole of the contaminant by absorntion into a water phase. The total inlet gas flow to the absorption column is 100.0 kgmole/hr and the total water flow is 200 kgmole/hr. Inlet water is NOT pure but contains 0.5% of the contaminant. I he process operates isothermally at 300k and a pressure of 1 atm. The equilibrium for this system is effectively characterized by either a Henry's Law relationship or Raoult's Law (using partial pressure), a general equilibrium relationship that can be used is ya=1.60*xa. plot the operating line and determine the minimum number of stages (graphically) for the equilibrium relationship provided. Confirm the results of part (a) using the analytical Kremser equation.
A cooling tower works with the amount of cooling water 1 ton/hour. Conditions of cooling water in the cooling tower has a solid content of 1350 ppm. The cooling water entering the cooling tower is processed in such a way that the solids content is a maximum of 225 ppm. If the cooling water evaporated rate is assumed to be 2.5% the cooling water inlet rate, calculate the concentration cycle, the added water rate, and the blowdown water rate!
A reverse-osmosis unit is used to obtain pure water from saline water. The coefficient of water permeation is 0.1 mol/cm2 s atm. The pressure differential across the membrane is 0.2 atm, and the osmotic pressure differential is 0.05 atm. The water flux across the membrane is most nearly (A) 0.0050 mol/cm2·s (B) 0.015 mol/cm2·s (C) 0.050 mol/cm2·s (D) 0.15 mol/cm² ·s
An evaporation-crystallization process (as shown below) is used to obtain solid potassium sulfate from an aqueous salt solution. The feed contains 18.7 wt% K2SO4. The wet filter cake contains solid sulfate crystals and a 40.0 wt% salt solution. The filtrate is recycled to mix with the feed. The evaporator has a capacity of 175 kg of water evaporated per second. The filtrate has 40.0 wt% salt solution, as well, and from the water entering the evaporator, 45.0% is evaporated. In the wet filter cake, there is 10 kg of the solid crystals for every 1 kg of the salt solution. a.) Calculate the fresh feed rate. (Include units) b.) Determine the production rate of crystal. (Include units) c.) Calculate the recycle ratio. (kg recycle/kg feed) Include units
A stream containing propionic acid and water at 70:30 mass ratio is fed to a mixer at 3.181 kg/s with pure cyclohexane as solvent. What should be the flow rate of the solvent in order to attain 30:70 mass ratio of solute and solvent in the extract (solvent-rich) stream? Prepare graphical and computational solution. Propionic acid 0.0 1.0 0.1 0.9 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.7 +1 0.4 + ++ 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.9 0.1 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 Cyclohexane Water
A gas mixture contains 0.03mole/mole of contaminant A. The solute free gas flow rate is 48.5 lbmole/(ft2 hr). We need to remove 85% of this contaminant from the gas stream. Liquid solvent is fed to the absorber in a countercurrent operational mode. Also the solvent being sent to this unit does not contain the contaminant The equilibrium plot is given below and it is also attached as a file. The tabular data is also presented if you prefer to construct your own plot. Using this information answer the questions below. Is this process gas absorption or liquid stripping? Calculate minimum flow rate of liquid solvent. If the actual solvent rate is 50% higher than the minimum solvent flow rate, determine the actual solvent flow rate and the fraction of solute A in the liquid solvent effluent stream.
A// Fick's first diffusion law states that: Mass flux = -D Where mass flux = the quantity of mass (g/cm²/s), D a diffusion coefficient (1.6×10-6 cm²/s), c concentration, and x = distance (cm). An environmental engineer measures the following concentration of a pollutant in the sediments underlying a lake as the following: 0 2 6 0.12×10-6 0.64x10-6 1.20×10-6 Use a suitable Newton's interpolation formula available to estimate the derivative at x = 0 and then calculate the mass flux of pollutant. X, cm C, g/cm³ de dx =
rate of 1.0 kg/ In a packed tower, a gas mixture with a 0.015 mole fraction of solute S at the inlet (the remainder being inert gases) undergoes counter- current absorption with water. The desired outlet concentration of the solute is 1% of its inlet concentration. The gas enters at a total flow /m²-s Given the dilute nature of the system, the equilibrium condition follows Henry's Law, represented by y = 1.75x, where y and x denote the mole fractions of solute S in the vapor and liquid phases, respectively. The column is packed with a material that yields an overall gas-phase mass transfer coefficient (Kya) of 0.06 kg-mole m³ smole fraction The tasks are to calculate: kg m2.s (molecular weight = 29), and pure water is introduced at a rate of 1.6 (a) the required height of the packing for the separation, and (b) the minimum rate of liquid needed for the separation. Additionally, it is asked how the required packing height would change if a different packing type with a Kya of kg-mole…
Provide basis, find, Process flow diagram and show step-by-step solution for the process. Topic: Material Balance with multiple units An aqueous solution containing 30mol% NaCl is used to produce NaOH by electrolysis. At the anode, the chloride ion is oxidized to chlorine gas; at the cathode, water is reduced to hydroxide and hydrogen gas. The chlorine gas and hydrogen gas exit the electrolysis system while the remaining solution is concentrated in an evaporator to produce a product containing 50mol% NaOH, 7mol% NaCl, and 43mol% H2O.a. What is the percent conversion of salt to sodium hydroxide?b. How much chlorine gas (in kg) is produced per kg of the product?c. How much water (in kg) must be evaporated in the evaporator per kg of the product?

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