As a molecular biologist and horticulturist specializing in snapdragons, you have decided that you need tomake a genomic library to characterize the flowercolor genes of snapdragons.a. How many genomic equivalents would you like tohave represented in your library to be 95% confident of having a clone containing each gene inyour library?
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As a molecular biologist and horticulturist specializing in snapdragons, you have decided that you need to
make a genomic library to characterize the flower
color genes of snapdragons.
a. How many genomic equivalents would you like to
have represented in your library to be 95% confident of having a clone containing each gene in
your library?
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- . The position of the gene for the protein actin in the haploid fungus Neurospora is known from the complete genome sequence. If you had a slow-growing mutant thatyou suspected of being an actin mutant and you wantedto verify that it was one, would you (a) clone the mutantby using convenient restriction sites flanking the actingene and then sequence it or (b) amplify the mutantgene by using PCR and then sequence it?Not all inherited traits are determined by nuclear genes (i.e., genes located in the cell nucleus) that are expressed during the life of an individual. In particular, maternal effect genes and mitochondrial DNA are notable exceptions. With these ideas in mind, let’s consider the cloning of a sheep (e.g., Dolly). A. With regard to maternal effect genes, is the phenotype of such a cloned animal determined by the animal that donated the enucleatedegg or by the animal that donated the somatic cell nucleus? Explain.researchers have been able to clonemammals by fusing a cell having a diploid nucleus (i.e., a somaticcell) with an egg that has had its nucleus removed.A. With regard to maternal effect genes, would the phenotype ofsuch a cloned animal be determined by the animal that donatedthe egg or by the animal that donated the somatic cell? Explain.B. Would the cloned animal inherit extranuclear traits from theanimal that donated the egg or from the animal that donated thesomatic cell? Explain.C. In what ways would you expect this cloned animal to be similarto or different from the animal that donated the somatic cell? Isit fair to call such an animal a clone of the animal that donatedthe diploid nucleus?
- A paper hypothesizes that white flowers are unable to produce anthocyanins (purple pigments) because they lack a functional “A” protein. However, it is also possible that an unknown gene is responsible for the lack of anthocyanins. Now that they have isolated DNA sequences of the “A” allele, design an experiment to use these DNA sequences to distinguish between these two hypotheses.a) Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that integrates computer science with mathematics and statistics to solve biological questions. Many bioinformatics tools for gene prediction, homology modelling and such are available free online. (i) How can online tools such as BLAST and FASTA assist in our genomics research? Is the sequence below in FASTA format? Justify your answer. >gi 129295|sp|P01013 | OVAX_CHICK GENE X PROTEIN (OVALBUMIN-RELATED) QIKDLLVSSSTDLDTTLVLVNAIYFKGMWKTAFNAEDTREMPFHVTKQESKPVQMMCMNNSFNVATLPAE KMKILELPFASGDLSMLVLLPDEVSDLERIEKTINFEKLTEWTNPNTMEKRRVKVYLPQMKIEEKYNLTS VLMALGMTDLFIPSANLTGISSAESLKISQAVHGAFMELSEDGIEMAGSTGVIEDIKHSPESEQFRADHP (ii) FLFLIKHNPTNTIVYFGRYWSPAs the leading scientist in a biomedical science laboratory, it is up to you to give advice to your lab assistants when they are having problems with their experiments. What advice would you give to your assistants that are having the following problems: After performing a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and agarose gel electrophoresis to confirm the presence of the CO1 gene of 750bp. a. They observe no band appearing on an agarose gel. What would be your conclusion? b. They observe three bands of different sizes that resemble a smear on the gel. Advise. a. They observe a single band on the gel and conclude that the PCR product is an exact copy of the original template DNA. Would you support their conclusion? Explain
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- The following figure shows a screen shot from the UCSC Genome Browser, focusing on a region of the human genome encoding a gene called MFAP3L. (Note hg38 refers to version 38 of the human genome RefSeq)a. Describe in approximate terms the genomic location of MFAP3L.b. Is the gene transcribed in the direction from the centromere-to-telomere or from the telomere-to-centromere?c. How many alternative splice forms of MFAP3L mRNA are indicated by the data?d. How many different promoters for MFAP3L are suggested by the data? (please do not copy and paste the answer from below. i don't think it is correct. a. MFAP3L is mostly found in the nucleus in the genome. It is found on chromosome 4 reverse strand. The protein produced by the gene is found in the cell membrane, and it is positioned on the membrane with the carboxyl side of the protein facing the cytosol. b. The MFAP3L gene is transcribed from the telomere to the centromere. c. According to the data, there are 11 different splice forms…You are engineering a new vector that contains a screenable marker that can be used for blue/white screening of successful clones. For each site (1, 2, and 3) on the cloning vector below, describe why it would or would not be a good place for you to put the polylinker to facilitate blue/white screening. You can assume that the polylinker itself will not interfere with coding sequence in that region. In other words, the polylinker length will be a multiple of 3 nucleotides, will not contain a stop codon, and any amino acids translated will not affect the activity of the protein in that region. The arrows indicate the direction of transcription for the gene. Note from student:As stated in the problem... "YOU CAN ASSUME THAT THE POLYLINKER ITSELF WILL NOT INTERFERE WITH CODING SEQUENCE IN THAT REGION. IN OTHER WORDS, THE POLYLINKER LENGTH WILL BE A MULTIPLE OF 3 NUCLEOTIDES, WILL NOT CONTAIN A STOP CODON, AND ANY AMINO ACIDS TRANSLATED WILL NOT AFFECT THE ACTIVITY OF THE PROTEIN IN THAT…You are engineering a new vector that contains a screenable marker that can be used for blue/white screening of successful clones. For each site (1, 2, and 3) on the cloning vector below, describe why it would or would not be a good place for you to put the polylinker to facilitate blue/white screening. You can assume that the polylinker itself will not interfere with coding sequence in that region. In other words, the polylinker length will be a multiple of 3 nucleotides, will not contain a stop codon, and any amino acids translated will not affect the activity of the protein in that region. The arrows indicate the direction of transcription for the gene.
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