Simple harmonic motion
Simple harmonic motion is a type of periodic motion in which an object undergoes oscillatory motion. The restoring force exerted by the object exhibiting SHM is proportional to the displacement from the equilibrium position. The force is directed towards the mean position. We see many examples of SHM around us, common ones are the motion of a pendulum, spring and vibration of strings in musical instruments, and so on.
Simple Pendulum
A simple pendulum comprises a heavy mass (called bob) attached to one end of the weightless and flexible string.
Oscillation
In Physics, oscillation means a repetitive motion that happens in a variation with respect to time. There is usually a central value, where the object would be at rest. Additionally, there are two or more positions between which the repetitive motion takes place. In mathematics, oscillations can also be described as vibrations. The most common examples of oscillation that is seen in daily lives include the alternating current (AC) or the motion of a moving pendulum.
| A mass hanging from a vertical spring is somewhat more complicated than a mass attached to a horizontal spring because the gravitational force acts along the direction of motion. Therefore, the restoring force of the oscillations is not provided by the spring force alone, but by the net force resulting from both the spring force and the gravitational force. Ultimately, however, the physical quantities of motion (position, velocity, and acceleration) for a vertical mass on a spring exhibit the same oscillations as a horizontal mass on a spring. A 100 g mass hangs from a vertical spring as shown in the picture. The measuring stick shows us the vertical y position of the bottom of the spring with the origin (y = 0) at the top of the spring. Note that the positive y direction is downward. The 100 g mass is at rest at the position shown (y = 50 cm). The dashed line in the picture (y = 30 cm) indicates the unstretched resting length of the spring. The mass is pulled down 6 cm, stretching the bottom of the spring to y = 56 cm, and then released so that it begins oscillating. |
1. What are the equilibrium position and amplitude of the oscillations?
y = ______ cm
A = ______ cm
2. What is the spring constant?
k = ______ N/cm
3. What is the force of the spring on the mass (magnitude and direction) at both the highest point of the oscillation (smallest y) and the lowest point of the oscillation (largest y)? If the force is zero, enter 0 for the magnitude and choose No direction.
Fspring (highest) = _______ N, --Select-- Down,Up, No direction (force is 0)
Fspring (lowest) = ________ N, --Select-- Down,Up, No direction (force is 0)
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