APPENDIX C Thermodynamic Quantitles for Selected Substances at 298.15 K (25 "C) 1091 дн; (kj/mol) AG; S* S° дн AG; (kj/mol) -245.6 (kj/mol) (i/mol-K) Substance Substance (i/mol-K) (kj/mol) Vanadium SOCI (1) H,S(8) H2SO4(aq) H,SO,(1) 205.6 20.1 182.2 -20.17 -33.01 514.2 453.1 V(g) V(s) -909.3 -744.5 28.9 156.1 -689.9 -814.0 Zinc Titanium 130.7 95.2 160.9 Zn(g) Ti(g) Ti(s) 468 180.3 422 41.63 Zn(s) ZnCl,(s) ZnO(s) -369.4 -415.1 111.5 30.76 -763.2 -726.8 354.9 TICL4(8) TICI4(1) TIO2(s) -318.2 -348.0 43.9 -804.2 -728.1 221.9 -889.4 50.29 -944.7
The automobile fuel called E85 consists of 85% ethanol and
15% gasoline. E85 can be used in the so-called flex-fuel vehicles
(FFVs), which can use gasoline, ethanol, or a mix as fuels.
Assume that gasoline consists of a mixture of octanes (different
isomers of(C8H18), that the average heat of combustion
of C8H18(l) is 5400 kJ/mol, and that gasoline has an average
density of 0.70 g/mL. The density of ethanol is 0.79 g/mL. (a)
By using the information given as well as data in Appendix C,
compare the energy produced by combustion of 1.0 L of gasoline
and of 1.0 L of ethanol. (b) Assume that the density and
heat of combustion of E85 can be obtained by using 85% of
the values for ethanol and 15% of the values for gasoline. How
much energy could be released by the combustion of 1.0 L of
E85? (c) How many gallons of E85 would be needed to provide
the same energy as 10 gal of gasoline? (d) If gasoline costs $3.88
per gallon in the United States, what is the break-even price per
gallon of E85 if the same amount of energy is to be delivered?
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