Answer ALL parts of this question. In terms of heart failure there is a decrease in cardiac output. This is due to a contractile deficit in the individual cardiac myocytes. (a) Explain how this contractile deficit occurs. (b) What common cardiac problem is often associated with the changes in calcium handling often seen in cardiac cells of heart failure patients? Explain how this problem arises. (c) Describe the mechanism of action of levosimendan in the treatment of heart failure.
Histology
Histology is the microanatomy method and a branch of biology that studies the anatomy of tissues. It includes viewing tissue in a magnified view under the microscope. Microanatomy also includes the process of study of organs called organology and the study of cells called cytology. Histopathology is a branch of biology that includes microscopic identification of diseased tissue. The field of histology comprises the preparation of the tissues and collection of cells as specimens for examination under the microscope. These processes are done by technicians like histologists, histotechnicians, and biomedical scientists. Histopathology is the diagnosis and research of tissue diseases that require the examination of tissues and/or cells under a microscope. Histopathologists are in charge of determining tissue diagnosis and assisting clinicians in managing a patient's care.
Endocrine System
Human body functions due to the collective work of the organ systems. One of them is the endocrine system. It is a chemical messenger system constituting the hormones directly released by the endocrine glands into the circulatory system. The study of this system is known as endocrinology. The word 'endon' means inside, and 'crine' means secrete, making the word "endocrine."
Answer ALL parts of this question.
In terms of heart failure there is a decrease in cardiac output. This is due to a contractile deficit in the individual cardiac myocytes.
(a) Explain how this contractile deficit occurs.
(b) What common cardiac problem is often associated with the changes in calcium handling often seen in cardiac cells of heart failure patients? Explain how this problem arises.
(c) Describe the mechanism of action of levosimendan in the treatment of heart failure.
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