Motor and descending (efferent) pathways (red) Sensory and ascending (afferent) pathways (blue) Pyramidal tracts - Lateral cortic ospinal tract Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus System - Anterior corticospinal tract Gracile fasciculus Cuneate fasciculus Extrapyrami dal Tracts - Rubrospinal tract - Reticulospinal tracts Spinocerebellar Tracts Posterior spinocerebellar tract Anterior spinocerebellar tract Olivospinal tract - Vestibulospinal tract Anterolateral System Lateral spinothalamic tract Anterior spinothalamic tract Spino-olivary fibers Figure 2: tracts in the white matter of the spinal cord – related information and a similar figure are in Saladin in Chapter 14 section 14.1 (6th edition) Table 2: tracts in the white matter of the spinal cord – related information and a similar table are in Saladin in Chapter 14 section 14.1 (6th edition) – yellow highlighting has no significance! Function Sensations of limb and trunk position and movement, deep touch, visceral pain, and vibration below T6 Tracts Column Decussation Gracile fasciculus posterior In medulla Cuneate fasciculus posterior In medulla Sensations of limb and trunk position and movement, deep touch, visceral pain, and vibration above T6 In spinal cord Sensations of light touch, tickle, itch, temperature, pain, & pressure Sensation of pain from tissue injury Spinothalamic lateral & anterior Spinoreticular lateral & In spinal cord anterior Feedback from muscles (proprioception) Feedback from muscles (proprioception) Posterior spinocerebellar Anterior spinocerebellar Lateral corticospinal Anterior corticospinal Tectospinal lateral none In spinal cord In medulla In spinal cord In midbrain lateral lateral Fine control of limbs anterior Fine control of limbs Reflexive head turning in response to visual and auditory stimuli Balance and posture; regulation of awareness of pain Balance and posture; regulation of awareness of pain Balance and posture Control of head position anterior Lateral reticulospinal Medial reticulospinal Lateral vestibulospinal Medial vestibulospinal lateral none anterior none anterior none anterior In medulla sacral Lumbar Thoracic Cervical Sacral Lumbar Thoracic Cervical
Plant Structure and Growth
Roots anchor, the plant, ingest minerals and water, direct water and supplements, and store food. These are two kinds of root frameworks.
Plant Life Cycle
Plants are part of the PLANT KINGDOM, which is one of the five kingdoms of life. Plants are divided into smaller classes based on common characteristics. Certain characteristics are shared by all plants. They are made up of a large number of cells. They also make their own food through a chemical process called photosynthesis, which involves the use of water, carbon dioxide, and solar energy. They pump life-giving oxygen into the air as a by-product.
Life Cycle of Plants
All the organisms that belong to the Kingdom Plantae are known as plants. They are multicellular and eukaryotic and can synthesize their food by photosynthesis, known as autotrophic organisms. They are classified based on certain characteristics, such as the plants bear flowers; some have only naked seeds and do not contain flowers. Some plants neither have seeds nor flowers, such as ferns and mosses.
Plant Morphology and Anatomy
The study of life and organisms is biology. The cell is recognized as the basic unit of life by biology. From ancient Greek, biology is recognized. Modern biology deals with the recent developments in Science.
Traumatic damage to the spinal cord is common. Based on the information in Figure 2 and Table 2, is it possible that an entire column of white matter could be damaged without causing any problems with movement? Explain your answer carefully and thoroughly.
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