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Define the terms reflex and spinal reflex and identify the components of a reflex arc.

Define the terms reflex and spinal reflex and identify the components of a reflex arc.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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2. Define the terms reflex and spinal reflex and identify the components of a reflex arc. 3. Define the term spinal cord injury (SCI) and state its prevalence. 4. Define the terms neurological level, tetra(qudri)plegia, and paraplegia. 5. Define the terms dermatome and myotoma and explain how each relates to SCI. 6. Define the term stretch reflex and describe how such reflexes are used to anatomically localize SCI.
Transcribed Image Text:2. Define the terms reflex and spinal reflex and identify the components of a reflex arc. 3. Define the term spinal cord injury (SCI) and state its prevalence. 4. Define the terms neurological level, tetra(qudri)plegia, and paraplegia. 5. Define the terms dermatome and myotoma and explain how each relates to SCI. 6. Define the term stretch reflex and describe how such reflexes are used to anatomically localize SCI.
A Case of Spinal Cord Injury Jason is a 21 year old senior at the University of South Africa, majoring in economics. While on spring break in Johannesburg, Jason was involved in a motorcycle accident. In the accident he was thrown from his pike to the pavement, landing on his back. A police officer witnessed the accident and immediately called for medical assistance. Emergency personnel arrived within minutes, and upon recognizing the seriousness of Jason's back injury, immobilized his neck and secured him to a rigid board prior to transporting him to the emergency room of the nearest hospital. When he arrived at the hospital, Jason was conscious and complained of pain in his lower back. Upon examination by the emergency room personnel, Jason was found to have numerous abrasions and contusions, and loss of both sensation and motor control of his legs. After he was stabilized, a complete neurological exam was performed to assess and localize Jason's injury. The neurological exam revealed the following: Jason demonstrated normal or near normal strength in flexing and extending his elbows, extending his wrists, and when flexing his middle finger and abducting his little finger on both hands. However, he exhibited no movement when medical personnel tested his ability to flex his hips, extend his knees, and dorsiflex his ankles. Stretch reflexes involving the biceps, brachioradialis, and triceps muscles were found to be normal, while those involving the patella and ankle were absent. In addition, Jason Was found to have normal sensitivity to pin prick and light touch in areas of his body above the level of his inguinal (groin) region, but not below that region of the body.
Transcribed Image Text:A Case of Spinal Cord Injury Jason is a 21 year old senior at the University of South Africa, majoring in economics. While on spring break in Johannesburg, Jason was involved in a motorcycle accident. In the accident he was thrown from his pike to the pavement, landing on his back. A police officer witnessed the accident and immediately called for medical assistance. Emergency personnel arrived within minutes, and upon recognizing the seriousness of Jason's back injury, immobilized his neck and secured him to a rigid board prior to transporting him to the emergency room of the nearest hospital. When he arrived at the hospital, Jason was conscious and complained of pain in his lower back. Upon examination by the emergency room personnel, Jason was found to have numerous abrasions and contusions, and loss of both sensation and motor control of his legs. After he was stabilized, a complete neurological exam was performed to assess and localize Jason's injury. The neurological exam revealed the following: Jason demonstrated normal or near normal strength in flexing and extending his elbows, extending his wrists, and when flexing his middle finger and abducting his little finger on both hands. However, he exhibited no movement when medical personnel tested his ability to flex his hips, extend his knees, and dorsiflex his ankles. Stretch reflexes involving the biceps, brachioradialis, and triceps muscles were found to be normal, while those involving the patella and ankle were absent. In addition, Jason Was found to have normal sensitivity to pin prick and light touch in areas of his body above the level of his inguinal (groin) region, but not below that region of the body.
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