An unseeded BOD test is conducted on a polluted surface water sample by adding 100 ml to a 300-ml BOD bottle and filling with dilution water. The initial dissolved oxygen measured 8.2- mg/l, and the final concentration after five days of incubation at 20 Celsius measured 2.9 mg/l. Calculate the BOD.

Calculate the R-value for the following materials: a. 4 in. thick brick b. 10 cm thick brick c. 12 in. thick concrete slab d. 20 cm thick concrete slab e. 1 cm thick human fat layer

A hydrometer test has the following result: Gs = 2.65, temperature of water = 26 C, and L = 10.4 cm at 45 minutes after the start of sedimentation (see Figure 2.25). What is the diameter D of the smallest-size particles that have settled beyond the zone of measurement at that time (that is, t = 45 min)? Figure 2.25 ASTM 152H type of hydrometer placed inside the sedimentation cylinder (Courtesy of Khaled Sobhan, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida)

An existing rural 4-lane highway is to be replaced by a 6-lane divided expressway (3 lanes in each direction). Traffic volume data on the highway indicate that the AADT (both directions) during the first year of operation is 24,000 with the following vehicle mix and axle loads. Passengercars=50percent 2-axle single-unit trucks (12,000lb/axle)=40percent 3-axle single-unit trucks (16,000lb/axle)=10percent The vehicle mix is expected to remain the same throughout the design life of 20 years, although traffic is expected to grow at a rate of 3.5 percent annually. Using the AASHTO design procedure, determine the minimum depth of concrete pavement required for the design period of 20 years. Pi=4.5J=3.2Pt=2.5Cd=1.0Sc=650lb/in.2So=0.3Ec=5106lb/in.2R=95k=130lb/in.3