An hnRNA molecule contains three exons, with the middle one being an “alternative” exon. How many different mRNA molecules can be produced from this hnRNA molecule?

Q: Explain the process of pre-mRNA splicing in nuclear genes.

A: Pre-messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) splicing is essential process for the gene expression in…

Q: What are the transcription factors in eukaryotes? What is the role of transcription factors?…

A: Since you have posted multiple questions, we solve the first question for you. To get the remaining…

Q: What is a disorder caused by errors in transcription? What kind of error is involved?

A: Transcription is defined as the process by which the information present in a DNA strand is copied…

Q: In Figure 9-12(b), what do you think happens to the tRNA that is released from the E site?

A: The polypeptide chain-containing tRNA in the A site will shift to the P site, and the empty tRNA in…

Q: What is the initial product of the transcription process?

A: Introduction: The process by which DNA molecule form a RNA molecule that is messenger RNA (mRNA) is…

Q: A full-length eukaryotic gene is inserted into a bacterial chromosome. The gene contains a complete…

A: The eukaryotic DNA is composed of coding and non-coding sequences, almost 90% are non-coding…

Q: Assuming each dimer binds to one unique sequence, how many unique sequences can protein dimers…

A: Proteins are biomolecules, which are made from amino acids. They are polymers of amino acids. They…

Q: During the process of transcription, a nucleotide was deleted from an mRNA sequence that coded for a…

A: In the DNA sequence of an individual, a mutation is a heritable alteration. Compared to the wild…

Q: What are two subcategories within eukaryotic promoters ?

A: Promoters are regions on the DNA where different proteins bind to initiate transcription, the…

Q: Regarding the process of gene transcription in eukaryotes, it is correct to state that A)The…

A: Transcription is a process of copying a DNA segment into RNA.

Q: You are working in a research lab that is surveying the CFTR gene sequence in humans to identify new…

A: A synonymous mutation is mutation in the DNA sequence that leads to change in the codon for amino…

Q: What types of genes are transcribed by RNA polymerases I, II, and III?

A: BASIC INFORMATION RNA POLYMERASE It is a type of enzyme which has a function to copy the sequences…

Q: Why are miRNAs called noncoding RNAs? Explain how they participate in gene regulation.

A: Answer- miRNA are non coding RNA because it does not code for any amino acid to form proteins.

Q: What does the lacA gene code for?

A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…

Q: Why are histone modifying enzymes important?

A: Chromosomes are thread-like structures that are present in the nucleus of the cell. The basic unit…

Q: You’re going for a bike ride, and as your muscles work harder, your body needs to produce more of…

A: Genes are specific sequences in DNA that code for specific protien required for cell functioning.…

Q: The E. coli genome contains approximately 4639 kb. (a) How many copies of the 6-bp recognition…

A: E.coli is a type of bacteria that normally lives in the intestine. It is also found in the gut of…

Q: How many types of promoters are there?

A: Promoters are DNA sequences that determine where the gene transcription by RNA polymerase begins.…

Q: Why is it important for a transcription factor/activator to have a high affinity for a specific DNA…

A: Transcription is a metabolic process in which DNA sequence of the gene is copied into an RNA…

Q: What are snRNPs? What is their role in the processing of eukaryotic mRNAs?

A: DNA is the genetic information carrier in almost all organisms except for a few RNA viruses. DNA is…

Q: A codon is a triplet of bases which codes for an amino acid. Exons are intervening sequence that are…

A: These are true or false statements. Explanations are given as well.

Q: What are the three modifications made to pre-mRNA molecules before they become mature mRNAs that are…

A: The unmodified mRNA which is present in the nucleus is known as a pre-mRNA. In eukaryotic cells, the…

Q: What structural change occurs in the DNA when an “open” transcription initiation complex is formed?

A: When an “open” transcription initiation complex is formed then this leads to the…

Q: What happens when a nonsense mutation is introduced into a transposon's gene encoding transposase?

A: A non-sense mutation is a mutation that terminates translation earlier resulting in the formation of…

Q: in a eukaryote cell, what do we call the DNA sequence that the specific transcription factor binds…

A: The transcription is the process by which RNA is produced from the DNA template. In case of…

Q: Define the pre-mRNA & mRNA spliceforms of Mutuallyexclusive exons ?

A: A gene is the essential physical and functional unit of heredity. They are comprised of DNA…

Q: Where in a eukaryotic cell does the molecular product of transcription (Eukaryotic Transcription) go…

A: In a eukaryotic cell, transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs at ribosomes in…

Q: Why is the genome contained within a membrane?

A: A genome is a complete set of "genetic information" in an organism. It stores all of the information…

Q: man rhodopsin gene is 2675 nucleotides long from transcription start site to transcription stop…

A: The rho factor provides directions for creating a macromolecule referred to as rhodopsin. This…

Q: Label these processes 1-8 (1 being the earliest time point) in the order they would occur during…

A: DNA is the molecule which stores the genetic information. Genetic information in the DNA is first…

Q: How many exons has the CFTR gene?

A: Introduction :- The CFTR gene encodes a membrane protein and chloride channel in vertebrates called…

Q: Describe the effects of intron phase on alternative splicing with diagram

A: Alternative splicing involves the removal of introns from the mRNA transcript as introns are the…

Q: Which step in elongation is catalyzed by RNA polymerase?

A: RNA polymerase is an enzyme responsible for catalyzing the process of transcription, which is the…

Q: What are transposable elements? Explain the mechanism by which they move from one location to…

A: A transposable element (TE or transposon) is a DNA sequence that may move around inside a genome,…

Q: draw an arrow pointing to where you would place an sgRNA(s) in order to make a full gene deletion,…

A: Single guide RNA or sgRNA is a piece of RNA which mainly used to guide the Cas9 protein to specific…

Q: Transcription and translation are separate processes in gene expression; however, they have…

A: Central dogma is a process where particular segment of DNA or gene ultimate express as a protein or…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.