An efficacy study was conducted for the drug pamidronate in patients with stage III multiple myeloma and at leastone lytic lesion. In this randomized clinical trial, patients were assigned at random to receive either pamidronate orplacebo. One endpoint reported was the occurrence of any skeletal events after 9 cycles of treatment or non-occurrence.TreatmentGroupPamidronatePlaceboOccurrence of Skeletal EventYes4774121No149107256196181377What percent of patients received pamidronate? What percent of patients experienced the occurrence of anyskeletal events? Calculate the odds ratio of the occurrence of any skeletal events between the pamidronate group and the placebogroup. Calculate the relative risk of the occurrence of any skeletal events between the pamidronate group and theplacebo group.

Odd ratio measure the odd's of disease exposed to the case and control. It is calculated using the…

Answered: An efficacy study was conducted for the…

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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In randomized, double-blind clinical trials of a new vaccine, rats were randomly divided into two groups. Subjects in group 1 received the new vaccine while subjects in group 2 received a control vaccine. After the second dose, 104 of 664 subjects in the experimental group (group 1) experienced drowsiness as a side effect. After the second dose, 61 of 545 of the subjects in the control group (group 2) experienced drowsiness as a side effect. Does the evidence suggest that a higher proportion of subjects in group 1 experienced drowsiness as a side effect than subjects in group 2 at the α = 0.05 level of significance? verity the model requirements. Select all that apply. A. The sample size is less than 5% of the population size for each sample. B. The samples are independent. C. The samples are dependent. □D. M₁0₁ (1-0₁) ² 1 - ₁) ≥ 10 and n₂^₂ (1-P₂) ≥10 E. The sample size is more than 5% of the population size for each sample. F. The data come from a population that is normally…
Researchers selected 894 patients at random among those who take a certain widely-used prescription drug daily. In a clinical trial, 24 out of the 894 patients complained of flulike symptoms. Suppose that it is known that 2.4% of patients taking competing drugs complain of flulike symptoms. Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that more than 2.4% of this drug's users experience flulike symptoms as a side effect at the a= 0.01 level of significance? Because npo (1-Po) = 20.9 >10, the sample size is satisfied. (Round to one decimal place as needed.) What are the null and alternative hypotheses? Ho versus H₁: (Type integers or decimals. Do not round.) less than --- 5% of the population size, and the patients in the sample were selected at random, all of the requirements for testing the hypothesis are
Imagine you are a statistical consultant and your client, a weightlifting supplement company, is looking to see if their product is effective in increasing muscle mass gained over a training cycle. You randomly sampled 20 female weightlifters and assigned them to take the supplement and 20 to take a placebo. You have both groups run the same controlled training program over 12 weeks and calculated their whole body lean mass difference in pounds from the beginning to the end of the program. Can you infer that the supplement group gained more muscle mass on average than the placebo group? Use a = 0.05 for any hypothesis test. પ્રમ 1) State the research question in one sentence and use the question to determine the parameter we are using to conduct statistical inference. Describe this parameter in one sentence using symbols and a description. manu Aren
In randomized, double-blind clinical trials of a new vaccine, toddlers were randomly divided into two groups. Subjects in group 1 received the new vaccine while subjects in group 2 received a control vaccine. After the second dose, 121 of 379 subjects in the experimental group (group 1) experienced nausea as a side effect. After the second dose, 150 of 595 of the subjects in the control group (group 2) experienced nausea as a side effect. Does the evidence suggest that a higher proportion of subjects in group 1 experienced nausea as a side effect than subjects in group 2 at the α = 0.10 level of significance?
The trial enrolled 30,420 volunteers who were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either vaccine or placebo (15,210 participants in each group). More than 96% of participants received both injections, and 2.2% had evidence (serologic, virologic, or both) of SARS-CoV-2 infection at baseline. Symptomatic Covid-19 illness was confirmed in 185 participants in the placebo group (56.5 per 1000 person-years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 48.7 to 65.3) and in 11 participants in the mRNA-1273 group (3.3 per 1000 person-years; 95% CI, 1.7 to 6.0); vaccine efficacy was 94.1% (95% CI, 89.3 to 96.8%; P<0.001). Efficacy was similar across key secondary analyses, including assessment 14 days after the first dose, analyses that included participants who had evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection at baseline, and analyses in participants 65 years of age or older. Severe Covid-19 occurred in 30 participants, with one fatality; all 30 were in the placebo group. Moderate, transient reactogenicity…
Sleep apnea is a disorder in which there are pauses in breathing during sleep. People with this condition must wake up frequently to breathe. The article “Postoperative Complications in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Undergoing Hip or Knee Replacement: A Case-Control Study” (R. Gupta, J. Parvizi, et al., Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2001:897–905) reported that in a sample of 427 people 65 and over, 104 of them had sleep apnea. a) Find a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of those 65 and over who have sleep apnea. b) Find a 99% confidence interval for the proportion of those 65 and over who have sleep apnea. c) Find the sample size needed for a 95% confidence interval to specify the proportion to within ±0.03. d) Find the sample size needed for a 99% confidence interval to specify the proportion to within ±0.03.
There is a current chemotherapy drug available that is extremely successful in treating an aggressive form of breast cancer. This drug has as a serious side effect in that 20% of the recipients will subsequently go on to develop ALL, an often untreatable and fatal form of leukemia. The pharmaceutical company is developing a modified version of this drug and long term clinical trials are being conducted on 214 women afflicted with this aggressive form of breast cancer. The trials have indicated 31 subsequent cases of ALL. State and test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the proportion of ALL cases between the two chemotherapy drugs against the alternative that there is a difference. Set alpha equal to 0.02
To determine whether acupuncture relieves migraine pain, researchers conducted a randomized controlled study where 178 patients diagnosed with migraine headaches were randomly assigned to one of two groups: treatment or control. 64 patients in the treatment group received acupuncture that is specifically designed to treat migraines. 114 patients in the control group received placebo acupuncture (needle insertion at non-acupoint locations). 24 hours after patients received acupuncture, they were asked if they were pain free. Results are summarized in the table below. Test to see if migraine pain relief is dependent on receiving acupuncture. Use a = 0.05. Pain Free: Yes Pain Free: No Total Treatment Control Total 18 7 25 46 107 153 a) What is the correct null hypothesis? O Ho: P1 P2 = P3 = P4 O Ho: Migraine pain relief is independent on receiving acupuncture. O Ho: Migraine pain relief is dependent on receiving acupuncture. ○ Ho: P1 P2 P3 P4 b) Fill in the expected frequency, round…
One hundred patients with moderate‑to‑severe knee osteoarthritis who were eligible for a total knee replacement were enrolled in a randomized controlled study. Fifty patients were assigned to receive a total knee replacement with a 12-week12-week follow‑up of nonsurgical treatment consisting of exercise, education, dietary advice, use of insoles, and pain medication. The other 5050 patients received only the 1212 weeks of nonsurgical treatment. One purpose of the randomization is for the two groups to have similar levels of knee osteoarthritis before undergoing the treatments. After the random assignment, we can compare the two treatment groups to see how well the randomization worked. The Kellgren‑Lawrence score, which can take the values 0,0, 1,1, 2,2, 3,3, or 4,4, is based on a standard X‑ray and assesses the severity of knee osteoarthritis, with 00 indicating no osteoarthritis and 44 indicating the most severe symptoms. If the randomization worked, then both treatment groups should…
A researcher is creating a new treatment protocol for Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS), a form of preleukemia. Following the old treatment protocol, 28% of patients with MDS will develop leukemia within 5 years of MDS diagnosis. He believes his new treatment protocol will lead to fewer MDS patients developing leukemia. He takes a random sample of 100 individuals on his new treatment protocol. Of these 100 individuals, 20 develop leukemia within 5 years of MDS diagnosis. Conduct a hypothesis test at the 10% level to test this claim that his new treatment protocol will lead to fewer MDS patients developing leukemia. What is the appropriate conclusion/interpretation for this hypothesis test? Write a few sentences.
In randomized, double-blind clinical trials of a new vaccine, children were randomly divided into two groups. Subjects in group 1 received the new vaccine while subjects in group 2 received a control vaccine. After the second dose, 123 of 460 subjects in the experimental group (group 1) experienced drowsiness as a side effect. After the second dose, 24 of 106 of the subjects in the control group (group 2) experienced drowsiness as a side effect. Does the evidence suggest that a different proportion of subjects in group 1 experienced drowsiness as a side effect than subjects in group 2 at the a = 0.01 level of significance? Determine the null and alternative hypotheses. Choose the correct answer below. A. Ho: P1 =0 versus Ho: P, #0 B. Ho: P =P2 versus H,: P, P2 The test statistic zo is (Round to two decimal places as needed.)

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