An annulus (e.g., a tube) has a temperature of Ti at the inner surface (at ri) and a temperature of To at the outer surface (at ro). Steady-state conditions prevail and there is not any heat generation in the annulus. However, the thermal conductivity k of the annulus is a strong function of temperature and can be described mathematically by the following function k(T) = a + bT + cT2. Calculate the total rate of heat flow (not heat flux) through the annulus if it is L long. Show steps to get to the answer attached.

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Conduction and Convection

When energy travels from one object to another it is said to have undergone heat transfer. Heat transfer is nothing but the transfer of thermal energy or internal energy from one thing to another, like e.g., when a vessel with water, kept on top of a burner, heats up because of the flame underneath it.